The heart is described as myogenic, what does this mean?
It stimulates itself to beat.
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Describe the hearts 4 chambers
The heart contains chambers - 2 atria & 2 ventricles.
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Describe the hearts two pumps (left & right) that work in series.
There are 2 pumps working in series - Right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the pulmonary circulation. The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through systemic circulation.
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Describe the thickness of the walls of the left & right atria & explain why.
The left & right atria have thin walls because they pump blood into the ventricles which are only a short distance from the atria.
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Describe the thickness of the left & right ventricles & explain why.
The left & right ventricles have thick walls because they pump blood a greater distance & against a greater resistance than the atria.
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What are valves used for in the heart?
They prevent back flow & ensure the blood follows the correct pathway.
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The _____ of blood ejected by each chamber is the same during one beat, but the volume can change from _____ __ _____ in response to the body's ______ for oxygen.
Volume, beat-to-beat, demand.
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What is stroke volume & what is the strove volume at rest?
Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during one beat. Around 70cm3
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What is cardiac output?
Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from each of the ventricles during one minute. Cardiac Output = stroke volume x heart rate.
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What does the cardiac cycle describe?
The cardiac cycle describes the sequence of changes that occurs in the heart during one heart beat.
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What do coronary arteries do?
They supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood - they branch fro the base of the aorta.
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Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than in the atria?
Because they generate greater pressures.
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Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
Because it has to pump blood into the systemic circulation that has arteries in parallel. - A high pressure is needed to make sure that all the organs recieve a good supply of blood, even if the flow to some areas increases significantly.
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Give an example of when you need the left ventricle to function properly by pumping blood to the systemic circulation.
When much more blood flows to the muscles during exercise than when at rest; the blood supply to organs such as the brain & kidneys must still be maintained.
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Where does the right atrium RECEIVE blood from & PUMP blood too?
RECEIVE - the body through the vena cava. PUMPS - The right ventricle.
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Where does the Right ventricle RECEIVE blood from & PUMP blood too?
RECEIVE - The right atrium. PUMPS - the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
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Where does the Left atrium RECEIVE blood from & PUMP blood too?
RECEIVE - the lungs through the pulmonary veins. PUMPS - the left ventricle.
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Where does the Left ventricle RECEIVE blood from & PUMP blood too?
RECEIVES - the left atrium. PUMPS - the body through the aorta.
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What does the pulmonary circulation provide?
A lower resistance to flow than the systemic circulation.
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The lungs are a ______ tissue & the blood fills most of the ______ in the lungs
Spongy, capillaries.
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What does a low blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation ensure?
That fluid does not leak out of the pulmonary capillaries, causing fluid to accumulate in the alveoli.
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Which people are more susceptible to fluid accumulation in the alveoli & why?
People who have emphysema because the right ventricle generates a higher blood pressure then normal.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the heart made of?
Back
Cardiac muscle.
Card 3
Front
The heart is described as myogenic, what does this mean?
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe the hearts 4 chambers
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe the hearts two pumps (left & right) that work in series.
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