Innate immune system, CD8+ cells that lack the T-cell receptor. Release cytotoxic granules to kill foreign or can cancerous cells .
4 of 26
Lymphocytes
From adaptive immune system, trigger targeted responce. Divide into T and B cells.
5 of 26
T cells
Cytoxoic response
6 of 26
B cells
Antibody producing cells
7 of 26
Plasma Cells
Specialised B cells that produce a very large amount of one antibody.
8 of 26
Innate Immune Response
Fast, non-specific, generic. First line of defence is the bodies surface. Cells perform phagocytosis, natural antimicrobial secretions, inflammation, immunological surveillance.
9 of 26
Specific/Adaptive Immunity
Antigen specific. Dependent on highly specialised cells. Involves B and T lymphocytes.
10 of 26
Antigen-presenting Cell
a cell that can "present" antigen in a form that T cells can recognize it. Among the APCs are B cells and cells of the monocyte lineage including macrophages.
11 of 26
B lymphocytes
Produced in the bone marrow, circulate in the blood. Produce antigen specific antibodies. They express surface antibodies, CD19, MHC-II and CD40.
12 of 26
MHC
Set of genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules.
13 of 26
MHC-I
Found on the surface of all nucleated cells. Recognised by Tc lymphocytes.
14 of 26
MHC-II
Found on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Recognised by Th lymphocytes.
15 of 26
B lymphocytes Interactions
Antigen detected by B cell receptor -> proliferation -> differentiation -> Ig secreting plasma cells (IgM-IgG) Plasma cells remain after infection as memory/long lived plasma cells.
16 of 26
Opsonisation
Antibodies coat the antigen and interact with specific receptors, allowing them to recognise and respond to the antigen .
17 of 26
Complement Activation
Antibodies cause lysis by complement. Punches a hole in the pathogen causing them to leak and die.
18 of 26
Neutralisation
Antibodies mop up toxins or pathogen, preventing their action.
19 of 26
Memory B Cells
Secondary response to pathogen (rapid). Only B cells that have undergone a class which to IgA, IgG and IgE.
20 of 26
Thymus
Located in the medistinum. With 2 areas the cortex and the medulla. Site of T-Cell development and maturation. (+ve -> -ve selection -> differentiation)
21 of 26
CD34+ HSC
Stem cells in the bone marrow that produce immature thymocytes.
22 of 26
T Cytotoxic Lymphocyte
Recognise and eliminate altered host cells, expresses CD8. Activated when they interact with an antigen-class 1 MHC complex on an altered host-cell (virus/tumour) kills with apoptosis which secretes IFN-y to lyse cells and limit viral replication.
23 of 26
T Helper Lymphocytes
Helps other immune cells become fully functional. Expresses CD4, activated when an antigen class II MHC complex in altered antigen presenting cells. Needs CD80 and CD28 to have full activation.
24 of 26
Cell Mediated Response
T cells protect against intracellular bacteria, viruses, cancers.
25 of 26
Humoral Response
Plasma cells release Ab into plasma, lymph and tissue fluids to protect against extracellular bacteria and foreign macromolecules.
Comments
No comments have yet been made