Lung diseases and key terms

These are some key terms question and answer cards that should help with your revision of lung diseases.

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  • Created by: Molly
  • Created on: 07-05-13 13:42
What are the 2 bacteriums that can cause tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium Bovis and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
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What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Coughing, fever, tiredness, weight loss, coughing up blood.
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How is tuberculosis transmitted?
Through the release of droplets in to the air when someone sneezes, coughs, laughs.
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Who is at greater risk of contracting tuberculosis?
Old people and young people with weaker immunnity, those who live in crowded conditions, HIV sufferers.
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How does tuberculosis affect the lungs?
It enters the immune system and white blood cells recognise it and try to attack it. This causes inflammation and englarging of the lympth nodes that drain the area.
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Which bit of infection comes first in tuberculosis?
Primary infection.
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What happenes in post primary tuberculosis?
When someone has already suffered from tuberculosis the bacterium can re emerge. Bacteria destroy the tissue of the lungs and this casees scar tissue. The patient coughs up damaged lung tissue and blood.
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Can tuberculosis be fatal?
If not treated and if it spreads to the rest of the body then yes.
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What causes pulmonary fibrosis?
Scars form on the epithelium of the lungs causing them to become irrersibly thickened. Reduces the elasticity of the lungs.
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What are the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis and why do these symptoms arise?
Shortness of breath - lack of oxygen, chorin dry cough - obstruction of the lungs, pain in chest - pressure, weakness + fatigue - reduced oxygen and so less respiration.
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What causes emphysema?
Smoking.
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what is the issue with diagnosing emphysema?
It takes 20 years for the symptoms to become apparent and by this time it is too late to treat the patient.
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What does emphysema do to the alveoli?
It reduces their elasticity and occasionally they burst from it.
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Why does emphysema reduce the effiecency of gas exchange?
Because it makes it very difficult for gas exchange to occur at all.
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What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Shortness of breath, chronic cough, blue skin colouration.
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What happens in asthma?
Allergens in the air stimulate the lining of air ways in the lungs to inflame. The epithelials secrete more mucus than possible and fluid leaves the capillaries and enters the air ways. Muscles surrounding the bronchioles contract-constricts air ways
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What are the symptoms of asthma?
Hard to breathe - constriction of bronchioles, wheezing sound - as air tries to pass through, tight feeling in chest - cannot ventilate the lung, coughing - to try and clear the bronchi and bronchioles.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

Back

Coughing, fever, tiredness, weight loss, coughing up blood.

Card 3

Front

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who is at greater risk of contracting tuberculosis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does tuberculosis affect the lungs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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