Lung Diseases

?
  • Created by: Han2812
  • Created on: 19-05-14 11:25
What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
It is a disease that affects the lungs, caused by a bacteria, kills estimated 2 million people a year
1 of 12
What are the symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
Persistent cough, tiredness and loss of appetite that leads to weight loss. Fever and coughing up blood happen as disease continues
2 of 12
How does Pulmonary Tuberculosis spread?
It is spread throughout the air by droplets by people infected when they cough, sneeze, laugh or talk at close range - over a period of time to friends, family, colleagues. Can also spread from milk from infected cows
3 of 12
What happens once you have been infected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
Bacteria - upper regions of lungs - more O2. Body's immune system reacts, causes inflammation+enlargement of the lymph nodes - PRIMARY INFECTION (norm kids). Infection can be controlled, but some may stay -re-emerge- POST-PRIMARY (adults) can be fata
4 of 12
What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Happens when scars form on epithelium of lungs, causing them to be thicken irreversibly. O2 cannot diffuse as effectively as its not thin, volume of air in lungs is reduced. Also reduces ELASTICITY of lungs - difficult to breath + ventilate lungs
5 of 12
What are the effects of Pulmonary Fibrosis?
SHORTNESS OF BREATH-less volume of lungs, less air+O2 taken in; diffusion pathway longer due to scars - slower, hard to maintain conc.gradient. CRONIC COUGH - fibrous tissues as obstructions-try to remove. WEAK + TIRED- Less O2 in blood. PAIN in ches
6 of 12
What is Asthma?
Example of localised allergic reaction- pollen, animal fur, dust. Made worse by air pollutants, exercise, cold air, anxiety + stress. These cause white blood cells on bronchioles/bronchi to release chemical called HISTAMINE. Can be GENETIC
7 of 12
What are the effects of Asthma?
Linings of airways covered in histamine becomes inflamed. Cells of the epithelial lining secrete larger quantities of mucus - more than normal. Fluid leaves capillaries + enters airways. Muscle surrounding bronchioles contracts, restricting airways
8 of 12
What are the symptoms of Asthma?
DIFFICULT BREATHING - constriction of bronchi+bronchioles-inflamed lining, mucus+fluid within them. WHEEZING SOUND WHEN BREATHING - air passing through v.constricted bronchi/bronchioles. TIGHT CHEST FEELING- not being able to ventilate lungs. COUGHIN
9 of 12
What is Emphysema?
Disease that affects 1 in 5 smokers, over a 20yr period, v.difficult to diagnose until lungs are irreversibly damaged. Elastin in lungs is permanently stretched, no longer force air out of them. SA of alveoli is reduced+burst. Little/no gas exchange
10 of 12
What are the symptoms of Emphysema?
SHORTNESS OF BREATH: lungs cannot be emptied, difficult to inhale new air with O2 + alveoli have small SA-low levels of O2 in blood. CHRONIC COUGH: try to remove lung damage as cilia can't do this anymore. BLUISH SKIN COLORATION: hardly O2 in blood
11 of 12
Which disease interferes with: 1) INHALATION, 2) EXHALATION, 3) LARGE SA 4) SHORT DIFFUSION PATHWAY?
1) ASTHMA 2) FIBROSIS AND EMPHYSEMA 3) EMPHYSEMA 4) FIBROSIS
12 of 12

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis?

Back

Persistent cough, tiredness and loss of appetite that leads to weight loss. Fever and coughing up blood happen as disease continues

Card 3

Front

How does Pulmonary Tuberculosis spread?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens once you have been infected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Health, illness and disease resources »