Living organisms

?
  • Created by: BH4
  • Created on: 26-09-15 08:11
Species
Used in the classification of living organisms, referring to related organisms capable of interbreeding.
1 of 49
Phylum
A taxonomic rank between kingdom and class (the plural is phyla). The arthropods, for example, are a phylum.
2 of 49
Genus
A rank in classification below family and above species.
3 of 49
Binomial
Having two parts to a name. In the binomial system of classification, each organism is named for its genus then its species.
4 of 49
Cladistics
A method of classification that groups organisms according to characteristics of a common (shared) ancestor.
5 of 49
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. The material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information of a living being.
6 of 49
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, a type of genetic material.
7 of 49
Gills
The respiratory organ found in fish and other aquatic animals. Gills have a large surface area, and a good blood supply, for efficient gas exchange to happen in water.
8 of 49
Arthropod
Arthropods are an important group of invertebrates.
9 of 49
Invertebrates
An animal without a backbone.
10 of 49
Parasites
An organism that lives in or on another organism (the host). The parasite receives nutrients from the host, harming the host as it does so.
11 of 49
Cell
Basic unit of life. Unicellular organisms only have one cell. Multicellular organisms have many cells.
12 of 49
Chitin
Hard and tough natural material made from glucose molecules joined together. Chitin is found in cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of arthropods.
13 of 49
Chloroplast
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.
14 of 49
Chromosome
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism.
15 of 49
Dry mass
The mass of an organism after its water has been removed.
16 of 49
Enzyme
Proteins which catalyse or speed up chemical reactions.
17 of 49
Glycogen
Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues.
18 of 49
Hypae
Fine, branching, thread-like filaments produced by fungi.
19 of 49
Mycelium
The network of hyphae produced by a fungus.
20 of 49
Organic
Grown without the use of artificial pesticides and fertilisers, or relating to or coming from living matter.
21 of 49
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease.
22 of 49
Photosynthesis
A chemical process used by plants and algae to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy. Oxygen is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis.
23 of 49
Plasmid
The small circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in genetic engineering or genetic modification.
24 of 49
Polysaccharides
Polymers of sugars, such as glycogen and starch, made from many simple sugar molecules joined together.
25 of 49
Saprotrophic nutrition
A type of feeding in which digestive enzymes are secreted outside the cell onto food material, followed by absorption of the products.
26 of 49
Starch
A type of carbohydrate. Plants can turn the glucose produced in photosynthesis into starch for storage, and turn it back into glucose when it is needed for respiration.
27 of 49
Stimuli
Things that set off a reaction in the nervous system, for example, light, heat, sound, gravity, smell, taste, or temperature. The singular is stimulus.
28 of 49
Sucrose
A disaccharide made from glucose and fructose, it is used as table sugar.
29 of 49
Contract
Become shorter.
30 of 49
Magnification
The amount that an image of something is scaled up when viewed through a microscope.
31 of 49
Organism
Living entity, eg animals, plants or microorganisms.
32 of 49
Vacuole
A space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap.
33 of 49
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs, where gas is exchanged during breathing.
34 of 49
Cellulose
A carbohydrate. It forms the cell wall in plant cells.
35 of 49
Concentration gradient
The difference in the concentration of a chemical across a membrane.
36 of 49
Cytoplasm
The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).
37 of 49
Diffusion
The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
38 of 49
Glucose
A simple sugar made by the body from food, which is used by cells to make energy in respiration.
39 of 49
Isotonic
Two solutions at the same concentration are described as isotonic.
40 of 49
Mass
The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in 'kg'.
41 of 49
Osmosis
The movement of water molecules across a partially-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.
42 of 49
Partially
Also called semi-permeable. A partially permeable membrane allows water and other small molecules to pass through but not larger molecules such as starch.
43 of 49
Respiration
Chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to produce the energy organisms need to live. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of respiration.
44 of 49
Solute
The dissolved substance in a solution.
45 of 49
Starch
A type of carbohydrate. Plants can turn the glucose produced in photosynthesis into starch for storage, and turn it back into glucose when it is needed for respiration.
46 of 49
turgid
Having turgor; enlarged and swollen with water.
47 of 49
Solvent
The liquid in which the solute dissolves to form a solution.
48 of 49
Villi
Finger-like projections in the small intestine that provide a large surface area for the absorption of food.
49 of 49

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A taxonomic rank between kingdom and class (the plural is phyla). The arthropods, for example, are a phylum.

Back

Phylum

Card 3

Front

A rank in classification below family and above species.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Having two parts to a name. In the binomial system of classification, each organism is named for its genus then its species.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A method of classification that groups organisms according to characteristics of a common (shared) ancestor.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all levels of organisation resources »