Transmembrane proteins that transport water soluble and large molecules by binding to the molecule, changing shape and releasing the molecule on the other side of the membrane.
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Channel protein
Transmembrane proteins that transport soluble ions down a concentration gradient through a tunnel through the protein.
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Cholesterol
One of the steroids group of lipids. It possesses hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Cholesterol is an important component in cell membrane structure.
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Condensation reaction
A chemical reaction where 2 molecules join together to form a larger molecule and one molecule of water is released
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Diffusion
The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
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Ester bond/esterification
The bond formed between an alcohol and the acid group of a fatty acid in a condensation reaction.
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Extrinsic/transmembrane protein
Proteins only found on the inner or outer surface of the bilayer.
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Fluid Mosaic Model
Current view of the structure of the cell membrane, proposed by Singer and Nicholson in 1972.
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Glycolipid
A lipid molecule with a short carbohydrate chain.
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Glycoprotein
A protein with an added carbohydrate chain.
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Hydrolysis reaction
A chemical reaction where a covalent bond is broken between 2 molecules by the addition of water.
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Hydrophilic
An interaction where 2 groups are attracted to each other, e.g. the phosphate group and water
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Hydrophobic
An interaction where 2 groups are repelled from each other, e.g. the hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid and water.
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Hypertonic solution
A solution with a more negative water potential than the cells/tissues it surrounds.
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Hypotonic solution
A solution with a less negative water potential than the cells/tissues it surrounds.
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Intrinsic/integral protein
Proteins found across both layers of the bilayer.
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Isotonic solution
A solution with the same water potential as the cells/tissue it surrounds.
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Osmosis
The movement of water from a higher water potential to a more negative water potential across a partially permeable membrane. It must always have a direction, e.g. osmosis from the cell cytoplasm to the surrounding solution.
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Phospholipid molecule
Glycerol condensed to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
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Plasmolysis and flacid
Applied to plant cells that have lost water to hypertonic solution, causing the cytoplasm to shrink.
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Receptor
A transmembrane molecule that binds to signalling molecule (has a complementary shape), e.g. a hormone that triggers a specific change inside the cell.
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Saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid where all the long carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are connected with single bonds.
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Triglyceride molecule
A lipid composed of a glycerol molecule chemically bonded to three fatty acid chains. The glycerol and fatty acids form ester bonds when they join. Such reactions are called condensation reactions because water is formed.
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Turgid
Applies to plant cells that have taken in the maximum volume of water they can from a hypotonic solution.
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Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid where there is at least one double bond between the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
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Water potential
The tendency (potential) of water molecules to move. Distilled water has the highest water potential = 0kPa. Solute reduces the potential of water molecules to move.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Transmembrane proteins that transport soluble ions down a concentration gradient through a tunnel through the protein.
Back
Channel protein
Card 3
Front
One of the steroids group of lipids. It possesses hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Cholesterol is an important component in cell membrane structure.
Back
Card 4
Front
A chemical reaction where 2 molecules join together to form a larger molecule and one molecule of water is released
Back
Card 5
Front
The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
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