Lipids

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  • Created by: Zammi10
  • Created on: 17-10-16 11:31
What do lipids consist of?
They consist of carbon oxygen and hydrogen but much less O2 in proportion to H and C.
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What sort of compounds are they?
They are non polar compounds therefore they do not dissolve in water but they do dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohols and propanone
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How are triglycerides formed?
Via esterifcation- a glycerol molecule bonds to 3 fatty acids. There is an ester bond between glycerol and fatty acids and 3 molecules of water are removed
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Draw the structure of a triglyceride
Okk
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What do phospholipids look like and contain.
Polar head which contains O. NOn polar hydrophobic tails without
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What can one fatty acid be replaced with?
A polar phosphate group
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Pls draw this
Kk
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Saturated lipids describe them
They contain no double bonds. They are from animal lipids and to LDL. Because there are no double bonds, the molecules can align readily so they are semi solid at room temperature. They are useful for long term storage in animals
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Unsaturated lipids
They contain double bonds and these result in kinks in the chain which prevents lipids from aligning readily so it doesn't solidify readily and is therefore a liquid at room temperature.
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What are the roles ofnphospholipids?
In biological membranes and provide electrical insulation. Eg. Myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of nerve cells
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Triglycerides?
Energy reserves because lipids contain more CH bonds than carbs . In plants and animals
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2)
Thermal insulation when stored under the skin lipid. They insulate agains heat loss in cold and heat gain in hot
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3)
Protections. Lipids protect delicate internal organs such as the kidney from any physical damage.
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4)
Metabolic water. Water released during chemical reactions in th body. Triglycerides release a lot of metabolic water when they are oxidised
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Waxes
These are lipids that melt at over 45 degrees. They have a waterproofing role in the exoskeleton of insects and reduce water loss on the cuticle of a leaf
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What are the nab causes of heart disease?
Fatty deposits in the coronary artery (artherosclerosis) and high blood pressure (hypertension)
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Contributory factors?
A diet that is high in saturated fats, a lack of exercise, smoking and old age
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When food has been absorbed at the SI...
Lipids and proteins combine to make lipoproteins which travel around th body in th bloodstream
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LDL
If diet is high in saturated fats then these form. LDLS build up in arteries causing harm. Atheromas (fatty deposits) build up in coronary artery resulting an angina because of reduced blood flow and O to heart. Heart attack/myocardial infarction
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...
If vessel completely blocked
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What is the inner wall of the artery vessel made up of?
Smooth endothelium lining
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HDL
If th diet has a high proportion of unsaturated fats then th evidence makes more HDL which carries harmful fats to the liver for disposal. The higher the ration of HDL:LDL, less risk of coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What sort of compounds are they?

Back

They are non polar compounds therefore they do not dissolve in water but they do dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohols and propanone

Card 3

Front

How are triglycerides formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Draw the structure of a triglyceride

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do phospholipids look like and contain.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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