Lipids

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  • Created by: Lotto65
  • Created on: 09-10-16 14:24
Name three main types of lipid
Phospholipids, steroids and triglycerides
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What are triglycerides made of?
Three fatty acids bonded to one molecule of glycerol by condensation reactions
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Give examples of triglycerides
Fats and oils
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What are phospholipids made of?
Two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to a molecule of glycerol
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What is a use of phospholipids?
Forms a basis for membranes
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Are phospholipids hydrophobic?
Partly
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What are steroids made of?
Four fused rings
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Give examples of steroids
Testosterone, cholesterol, progesterone and estrogen
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How can you identify lipids?
If they have two or three hydrocarbon chains or a quadruple ring structure of steroids
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How are a) hydrocarbon chains b) carbon rings shown on lipid diagrams?
a) zigzag line b) hexagons or pentagons
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What are the two main features that must be shown when drawing fatty acids?
A carboxyl group at one end -COOH; and an unbranched hydrocarbon chain
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What does it mean if the fatty acid is saturated?
It holds the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms possible as each carbon is bonded to each other by a single covalent bond
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What does it mean if a fatty acid is unsaturated?
There are one or more double bonds between carbon atoms so there could have been more hydrogen atoms bonded if the double bonds were single bonds- not the maximum
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What does monounsaturated mean?
One double bond
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What does polyunsaturated mean?
Two or more double bonds
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In omega-3 fatty acids, where is the double bond relative to the CH3?
The third bond away
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In omega-6 fatty acids, where is the double bond relative to the CH3?
The sixth bond away
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What does it mean if you have a cis unsaturated fatty acid?
The hydrogen atoms on the carbons connected with a double bond are on the same side
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What does it mean if you have a trans unsaturated fatty acid?
The hydrogen atoms on the carbons connected with a double bond are on opposite sides
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What is the difference between a fat and an oil?
Fats are liquids at body temperature but solids at room temperature; Oils are liquids at body and room temperature
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What is the name of the bond between a fatty acid and the glycerol?
Ester bond
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Why use lipids as energy stores instead of carbohydrates?
The amount of energy released by lipids from respiration is double the amount of carbohydrates because they form pure droplets without water- useful because we have to carry these stores (birds, bats); good heat insulators so stored in adipose tissue
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What are the positives of using glycogen as energy storage?
Good for short term. Can be broken down to glucose rapidly and used for either aerobic or anaerobic respiration
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What is negative about using fats as an energy storage?
Cannot be mobilised rapidly; Only used for aerobic respiration
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Name some uses of lipids
Heat insulator; energy store; electrical insulator; shock absorbers; Waterproofing; Water source (camels break it down in their humps); Buoyancy (less dense than water)
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Why are triglycerides insoluble in water?
Non-polar; Do not form hydrogen bonds; water molecules more attracted to each other than triglycerides
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What sort of shape do cis unsaturated fatty acids have?
Bent
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What sort of shape do trans unsaturated fatty acids have?
Straight
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Why are cis unsaturated fatty acids bent?
Repulsion between two hydrogen atoms on same side
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How does the structure of a cis fatty acid help its function?
Low melting point and less soluble so can break down easier to give energy for respiration
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How does the structure of a cis fatty acid help its function?
Straight and high melting point means it is harder to break down for aerobic respiration
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are triglycerides made of?

Back

Three fatty acids bonded to one molecule of glycerol by condensation reactions

Card 3

Front

Give examples of triglycerides

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are phospholipids made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a use of phospholipids?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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