What are the two groups that lipids are split up into?
Fats solid/semi-solid at room temp, animal origin and contain saturated fatty acids. Oils, liquid at room temp, plant origin and contain unsaturated fatty acids.
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What do lipids contain?
Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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Are lipids non-polar or molar molecules?
Lipids are non-polar molecules, they're insoluble in waters so they won't interfere with water-based reactions. They're soluble in organic solvents.
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What are lipids used for and how much energy do they contain?
Lipids are used as an energy store, they contain x2 the amount of energy than carbohydrate.
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What are some uses of lipids?
Construction of plasma membranes. Waterproofing by birds, mammals, insects and plants. Insulate neurones and keep electrical impulses discrete. Provide thermal insulation, protect delicate organs.
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What are lipids made from?
They're made from fatty acids and glycerol
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What creates different lipids?
It's the number and type of fatty acids that glycerol combines with
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What are monounsaturated fatty acids?
Fatty acids with a single double bond
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What are polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Fatty acids with many double bonds
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How many carbons long are fatty acids?
15 and 17 carbons long
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How many fatty acids can glycerol bond with?
It can bond with one, two or three fatty acids. If 3, a trigylceride is produced.
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What reaction joins glycerol with fatty acids and what bond joins a fatty acid to glycerol?
The reaction is a condensation reaction, the bonds that join a fatty acid to glycerol are called ester bonds, the reaction is esterification.
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What does a diet rich in lipids result in?
It'll result in obesity, taking in more energy than you can utilise, the body stores the excess as fat.
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What do saturated and unsaturated fats do in the body?
Saturated fats can lead to plaques in the arteries, heart disease then death. Unsaturated fats are healthier and polyunsaturated fats show a positive effect on blood cholesterol levels.
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What are waxes?
Waxes are insoluble, they're used by land animals such as insects and plants to produce a waxy cuticle and reduce water loss.
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What are phospholipids?
They're similar to trigylceride, one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group. They plan an important role in creating plasma membranes.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What do lipids contain?
Back
Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Card 3
Front
Are lipids non-polar or molar molecules?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are lipids used for and how much energy do they contain?
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