Linguistic Terminology
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- Created by: Kim_Hurn
- Created on: 16-10-17 20:22
FACE THEORY
Our face is a persona which we present in conversation.
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OPPOSITIONAL
Dictate written text is fundamentally distinct from the spoken word so they cannot mix.
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SEMANTIC MEANING
Literal meaning a phrase or word gives.
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DECLARATIVES
Statements, impart information.
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ADJACENCY PAIRS
Parallel expressions.
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PRAGMATICS
How the audiences own experience/understanding affects a texts meaning.
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SYNCHRONOUS DISCOURSE
Discourse that takes place in real time.
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PRAGMATIC MEANING
Suggested meaning word or phrase gives.
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SYNTHETIC PERSONALISATION
Direct imperative address and personal pronouns to make a mass audience feel like an individual.
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CO-OPERATIVE OVERLAPS
Supportive interruptions.
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AGENDA SETTING
Negotiation or control of the subject discussed.
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COMPETITIVE TURN TALKING
Different speakers talk at the same time.
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FALSE START
Speaker starts utterance then stops and reformulates or repeats.
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FACE THREATENING ACTS
Language or actions that reject the face someone presents to us.
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ELISION
Missing out phonemes.
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IMPERATIVE
A command.
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INTERACTIONAL TALK
Langauge in conversation used for socialising.
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INTERROGATIVE
A question.
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BACK CHANNEL
Used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker.
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COLLABORATIVE COMPLETION
Listener contributions that finish anthers utterance.
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DISCOURSE MARKERS
Words used to create a structure.
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FILLER
Non semantic items which are inserted in speech.
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NON FLUENCY FEATURES
Typical/normal characteristics of spoken language that interrupts flow.
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RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION
The 'poshest' way of speaking.
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CONVERGENCE
Speaker moves towards another speakers accent, dialect or sociolect.
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HEDGE
Words/phrases that soften or weaken the force an utterance is said.
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RADIAL
Use of prototypes to classify things.
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OCCUPATIONAL DIALECT
Set of language features associated with a job/profession.
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UTTERANCE
Verbal equivalent of a sentence.
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JARGON
Special words used by someone that are hard to understand.
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PHATIC TALK
Conversational utterances to establish or maintain personal relationships.
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POSITIVE POLITENESS
Showing people they're liked, admired or included.
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CODE SPEAKING
Adapting your speaking style to match the social situation.
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STANDARD ENGLISH
Considered the 'correct' way of speaking.
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GRICE'S MAXIMS
1. Quality, 2. Quantity, 3. Relevance, 4. Manner.
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SPEECH ACT THEORY
Locution = literal meaning, Illocution = implied meaning, Perlocution = perceived meaning.
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SELF CORRECTION
When the speaker begins their utterance, make a false start then stop to reformulate.
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NEGATIVE POLITENESS
Shows you are avoiding intruding, not imposing presence or offering choice.
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SEMANTICS
Words from the same area of meaning.
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DENOTATION
Exact meaning or definition of a word.
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CONNOTATION
Wider associations of a word.
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COLLOCATION
Words tending to occur together.
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DOMINANT IDEOLOGIES
Shared ideas and values that are dominant in society.
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Langauge where the meaning is not literal.
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DISCOURSE STRUCTURE
Pattern or structure that a text follows.
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EUPHEMISM
A polite or indirect phrase.
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DIVERGENCE
Distancing speech to increase distance from a speaker.
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PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES
Use of non-verbal to add pragmatic fore to messages.
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IDIOLECT
Our own way of using language, expressing vocabulary.
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TABOO LANGUAGE
Words/phrases felt to be unacceptable in a polite situation.
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TAG QUESTION
Two words added to a declarative to turn the statement to a question.
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DIALECT
Set of language features unique to an area/region.
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DYSPHEMISM
Phrase designed to maximise shock or brutality.
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TEXTUAL COHESION
Describes how a text is logically structured to create a coherent meaning.
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SUBJECT SPECIFIC LEXIS
Field of text that will clearly influence the lexical choices.
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SPECIALISED LEXIS
Essential for precise communication in occupation.
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SYNONYMS
Words of similar meaning.
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EYE DIALECT
Representation of regional or dialectal variation by spelling non-standard ways.
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SOCIOLECT
Set of language features identifiable with a particular social group.
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TRANSACTIONAL TALK
Language to get things done or transmit information/content.
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AFFORDANCE
Linguistic and beahvioural choices provided by technology.
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BIDIALECTALISM
A speaker's ability to use two dialects of the same language.
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SYNONYMOUS PARALLELISM
Similar ideas repeated in the same syntactic structure.
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ANTITHETIC PARALLELISM
Opposite ideas repeated with the same syntactic structure.
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ANTONYMS
Words that have contrasting meanings.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Dictate written text is fundamentally distinct from the spoken word so they cannot mix.
Back
OPPOSITIONAL
Card 3
Front
Literal meaning a phrase or word gives.
Back
Card 4
Front
Statements, impart information.
Back
Card 5
Front
Parallel expressions.
Back
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