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6. In terms of lexical constraints- what is whole object assumption?

  • children learn the whole object before any detail and assume an object has its name due to shape instead of semantic meaning
  • children learn detail before whole object
  • children learn words based on sound
  • children do not learn the names of entire objects

7. At what point do children learn many more words?

  • 50 words
  • 500 words
  • 1000 words
  • 25 words

8. In what instances do children show less of a vocabulary 'spurt'

  • with siblings
  • without siblings

9. Why did Ambridge claim nouns are easier to learn than verbs?

  • because they are used more often in adult language
  • because they are conceptually easier
  • because they start with a capital letter

10. What is word organisation based on meaning?

  • synonyms are acquired through association with different activities and co-occurance with accompanying speech, and associative links between words are an important role in retrieval of information
  • words are organised based on sound and then associated with meaning
  • words are organised through syntax cues and word boundaries

11. Why did Gentner claim nouns are easier to learn than verbs?

  • because they are conceptually easier
  • because they start with a capital letter
  • because children hear them more often

12. How is language used with activities?

  • the child talks during the activities
  • language serves as an accompaniment to each activity
  • it isn't

13. How do children learn combinations of words?

  • adults make the word boundaries unclear
  • some are already there e.g. compound words
  • they have to link them in a special part of the brain
  • they guess eventually

14. How do children work out word meanings?

  • follow lexical constraints and social cues
  • use their intuition

15. Explain word organisation by morphological relatedness

  • patterns are made morphologically involving affixes and/ suffixes then applied to other contexts
  • the grammatical aspect of words e.g. suffixes hinder the learning of words

16. How many words does a 17 year old learn/ year?

  • 70
  • 10000
  • 1000
  • 50000

17. What is word association by form?

  • learning of words is aided through the transparency of mapping form to meaning e.g. onomatopoeia
  • learning of words is hindered by its association to other things e.g. onomatopoeia
  • learning of words is not affected by transparency of meaning

18. Explain joint attention in terms of lexical constraints

  • children like being in joint attention with a caregiver
  • Children who spend more time in joint attentional frames learn more words
  • children in joint attention frames get more distracted and do not learn new word meanings