Most complex multicellular organisms rely on a mass transport system to move substances efficiently over a long distance by mass flow.
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What is mass flow?
All particles in a liquid move in one direction, through tubes due to differences in pressure.
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What is an open circulatory system?
Simple heart pumps blood out into cavities surrounding organs.
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What is a closed circulatory system?
Blood is enclosed in blood vessels - travels faster due to high pressures.
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Why is water dipolar?
It has a negative charge on one end and a positive charge on the other due to uneven distribution of electrons.
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What are the benefits of hydrogen bonds?
Water molecules can adhere to each other and are able to hold thermal energy.
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What are the main qualities of water?
High specific heat capacity, good solvent, broken by hydrolysis, built up by condensation.
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What is the role of collagen?
Strengthens the wall and prevents arteries from bursting.
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What is endothelium?
Layer of squamous epithelial cells which line the lumen to reduce friction.
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What happens during Atrial Sytole?
Atria contracts, forcing blood through pulmonary valve and into the ventricles.
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What occurs during Ventricular Sytole?
Contraction forces blood through the semilunar valve to the rest of the body/lungs.
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What is Diastole?
Final stage of the cardiac cycle where the heart relaxes.
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What are the stages of blood clotting?
Damage - platelets stick - thromboplastin, ca ions + vit k cause prothrombin to change to thrombin - soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin - mesh catches blood cells - clot.
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What are the positive feedback stages of atherscelerosis?
Endothelium damage - inflammatory response - WBC to artery walls - cholesterol to atheroma - ca salts + fibrous tissue to plaque - loss of elasticity - narrow walls - high blood pressure -
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What is angina?
Chest pain from narrowing of coronary arteries, limiting oxygen rich blood reaching the heart.
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What is ischemic?
When the arteries are deprived of blood.
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What is myocardial infarction?
Muscle cells starved of oxygen, if fatty plaque in the coronary arteries ruptures + collagen is exposed then rapid blood clots occur.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is mass flow?
Back
All particles in a liquid move in one direction, through tubes due to differences in pressure.
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