life processes 4-11

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  • Created by: sophie_kk
  • Created on: 12-12-19 19:55
enzymes
biological catalysts that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself
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metabolism
sum of all the metabolic reactions in a cell
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secretion
release of a fluid or substances from a cell or tissue
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extracellular enzymes
function 'outside of cells'
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intracellular cells
function 'inside of cells'
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temperature of the human body
37 degrees
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substrate
molecule that an enzyme acts on
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active site
small area on the surface on an enzyme
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how does an enzyme work?
substrate attaches onto the active site go the enzyme, reaction takes place and products are formed. the product then leaves the active site.
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what happens when the substrate enters the active site?
it lowers the energy needed for the reaction to start, allowing the products to be formed more easily
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lock and key model
an enzyme will only catalyse one reaction
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optimum temperature
the temperature at which the reaction takes place most rapidly
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what happens when an enzyme is heated?
increase in rate of reaction, as the higher temp gives the molecules of the enzyme and the substrate more kinetic energy so they collide more often. more collisions = more frequent reactions
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what happens when the enzyme is heated too much?
about 40 degrees the enzyme becomes 'denatured', as the proteins have broken down due to the heat. will change shape of active site - so substrate can no longer fit into it
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effect of pH on enzymes
pH inside cells is neutral, so any extremes to this will cause the enzyme to be denatured - change shape of active site and structure of enzyme, so substrate will not fit as well
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investigate the effect of temp on the activity of amylase
1. spots of iodine solution are placed into dips on a spotting tile 2. using a syringe, 5dm cubed of starch suspension is placed in a boiling tube and 5cm cubed of amylase solution in another boiling tube. 3. beaker is filled with water at 20 degrees
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investigation cont.
4. both tubes are placed in beaker for 5 mins and temp recorded 5. amylase solution poured into starch suspension 6. a small sample of picture is removed tin a pipette and added to the first drop of iodine solution 6. colour is recorded
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cont
7. sample of mixture is taken every 30 secs for 10 mins and tested until the iodine solution remains yellow - showing all the starch is used up. 8. repeated at different temps from 20- 60 degrees and recorded in a table
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investigation of pH on the activity of catalase
same as amylase experiment, but different pH buffers are added to the mixture instead of alternating the temperature
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

metabolism

Back

sum of all the metabolic reactions in a cell

Card 3

Front

secretion

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

extracellular enzymes

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

intracellular cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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