Life After Death

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Define dualism
Person consists of distinct body and soul
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Define materialism
All contents of the universe are physical
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Define disembodied existence
Soul can exist separately from body
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Define monism
Body/soul unable to be separated
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Define reincarnation
A soul of a person goes into a new body after death
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What was the name of the dialogue wherein Plato put forward his dualist views?
Phaedo
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What did Plato believe was the goal of the soul?
To leave the body and reach world of forms
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Explain Plato's argument from opposites for the soul's immortality.
Everything exists b/c of its opposite (e.g light/dark), opposite of living = death, for death to be meaningful the soul must exist
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Explain Plato's argument from knowledge
Learning = remembering things from WoF, e.g concept of colours
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What did Plato believe would happen to the souls of wrongdoers after death?
Imprisoned in a body - e.g tyrants in bodies of wolves/kites
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How does Plato use the example of a chariot to explain the relationship between the mind, body and soul?
Docile white horse = mind (logic). Spirited black horse = body (desires). Soul (driver) helps two work together.
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What are Plato's three aspects of the soul? (RED)
Reason, emotion, desire
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What does reason do?
Controls soul, seeks truth
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What does desire seek?
Indiv. pleasure
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How does Aristotle use the analogy of an axe to show the body's relationship with the soul?
Soul gives body its shape/function - same as how an axe is made of wood/metal but chopping gives it function
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What did Aristotle think COULD be seperated from the soul?
Intellectual thought
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What are Aristotle's three areas of the soul?
Logos, thymos, eros
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What is the logos?
Mind - only immortal part
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What is the thymos?
Emotion
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What is the eros?
Desire
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Give Aristotle's hierarchy of soul types, in descending order.
Reasoning (humans) - Animal - Vegatative
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Give Aristotle's hierarchy of soul functions
Reason at top, nutrition at bottom
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Give one strength of Aristotle's view
Infl, Christian teachings, avoids dualist weaknesses
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Give one weakness of Aristotle's view
Reason =/= personal identity, no evidence of final cause, don't know if senses = reliable.
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How did Magee give strength to Plato's theory?
Says it gives meaning to our world
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Give one weakness of Plato's view
Learning = accq. new knowledge, not everything has opposites, dep. on theory of forms
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What did Peter Geach say about Plato's eschatological views?
Makes no sense for soul to "see" Forms, as this = sense exp.
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Explain Plato's myth of Er.
Soldier dies on battlefield, body doesn't decompose. Revives on funeral pyre, tells comrades of journey , seeing how souls chose new life dep. on morality
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Explain John Hick's replica theory
Person dies --> God creates replica of them in a seperate place on another plane of existence.
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Why does Hick's replica appear in an "idealised state"?
Some die young/il//disabled
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Criticise Hick's replica theory.
Are terminal illnesses replicated? Inconsistent w/ bible teaching. Replica =/= person. Experiences can't be replicated. Would Replica be able to be injured, get ill, etc?
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What quote shows Richard Dawkins' biological determinism and rejection of an immortal soul?
"Life is just bytes and bytes and bytes of digital information."
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How does Dawkins believe we continue after death?
Passing on value systems (memes)and genes
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What Corinthians quote shows the idea of resurrection?
"The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable..."
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Criticise resurrection
Not convincing to non-believers, implausible in modern day, body source of flaws, no evidence
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How did the status of the body factor into Hindu reincarnation?
Morality informs reincarnated life
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What is the goal of life, accroding to Hindus?
Escaping cycle of reincarnation to be with God
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Why does Swinburne reject reincarnation?
No direct link between souls of different incarnations
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Why does Geach reject reincarnation?
Reincarnation X person - lacks memories, body, experiences etc
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Give other criticisms of reincarnation.
Relies on immaterial soul, unjust (people respons. for actions they don't remember)
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Why does Descartes believe in a disembodied existence?
Soul = conscious life.
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What does Iranaeus believe about the problem of evil?
Evl/suffering neccesary to help us to grow to be like God
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How could you criticise Irenaeus' idea of evil and suffering?
A lot of evil doesn't help us grow
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What does Augustine believe about the problem of evil?
Evil = privation of good. God hid himself so we could make choices without fear of being watched
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How could you criticise Augustine's idea of evil and suffering?
Why did God not make it so we could only be good? Could have altered creation post-evil. Evil needed for EVERY virtue - e.g virtue?
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define materialism

Back

All contents of the universe are physical

Card 3

Front

Define disembodied existence

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define monism

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define reincarnation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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