Why was moderate liberal opposition small under Alexander II and Alexander III?
Because there were few literate and educated Russians.
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Why did liberal opposition increase?
Because of the economic chnages and reforms which took place, causing a middle class to be formed.
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What benefits did the liberals have?
They had the benefit of education and possessedthe time, wealth and interest to reflect on political matters. They also had travelled abroard and desparied at the political and economic stagnation of the country.
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How did some members of the intelligentsia want to change Russia?
Through nihilism and anarchism.
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What were the two broadest categories in the liberal opposition?
Slavophiles and Westernisers.
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What did the Westernisers want?
They wanted to catch up with the West by copying Western ways and abandoning Slavic traditions, through reducing infleunce of the Orthodox church.
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What did the Slavophiles want?
A modernised Russia with its traditions, such as Slavic and Orthodoxy preserved.
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Gives examples of Westernisers and Slavophiles.
Turgenev was a Westerniser and Leo Tolstoy was a Slavophile.
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What provided a nautral home for the moderate liberals? Why?
The zemstva, because it encouraged thinking on local matters. However, of course, they did not have national influence.
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How did Alexander II grant more power to the liberals?
When the St Petersburg zemstvo demanded a central body to coordinate regional councils, the Tsar intially refused but then chnaged his mind slightly through the Loris-Melikov constitution.
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Why were the liberals disappointed with Alexander III?
Because of the drop of the Loris-Melikov proposals and the restrictive zemstva powers.
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When did the attractions diminish?
After 1881, when it had peaked, due to a move towards socialsim. Some followed Marxism and some wanted tsarism to remain but with radical reform.
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What does Orlando Figes emphasise as a turning point int he development of opposition?
The Great Famine was a clear turning point. As by the mid 1890s, there were renewed called for a nationla body to advise the governemtn.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why did liberal opposition increase?
Back
Because of the economic chnages and reforms which took place, causing a middle class to be formed.
Card 3
Front
What benefits did the liberals have?
Back
Card 4
Front
How did some members of the intelligentsia want to change Russia?
Back
Card 5
Front
What were the two broadest categories in the liberal opposition?
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