Liberalism key words

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  • Created by: Carysjjj
  • Created on: 07-03-16 13:29
A system of agrarian-based production that is characterised by fixed social hierarchies and a rigid pattern of obligations
Feudalism
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A form of government in which political power is concentrated in the hands of an individual/group, such as an absolute monarchy
Absolutism
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The belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body
Individualism
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A belief that society is made up of a collection of self-interest and self-sufficient individuals, rather than social groups
Atomism
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The ability to think or act as one wishes, a capacity that can be associated with the individual, social group or a nation
Freedom
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The absence of external restrictions or constraints, allowing the individual freedom of choice
Negative freedom
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Self-mastery/realisation, achievement of autonomy or development of human capacities
Positive freedom
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Authority exercised from above for the guidance and support of those below, modelled on the relationship between fathers and children
Paternalism
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Belief that the world has a rational structure and this can be disclosed through the exercise of human reason and critical enquiry
Rationalism
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A moral standard of fairness and impartiality, social justice is the notion of fair/justifiable distribution of wealth and rewards in society
Justice
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The principles that humans are of indentical worth and entitled to be treated in the same way
Equality
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Rule by those with merit, (merit being intelligence+effort), a society in which social position is exclusively determined by ability and hard work
Meritocracy
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A belief in the diversity or choice, or the theory that political power is/should be widely dispersed
Pluralism
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Willingness to accept views/actions with which one is in disagreement
Toleration
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Self-government, the ability to control one's own destiny by virtue of enjoying independence from external influences
Autonomy
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A hypothetical agreement among individuals through which they form a state in order to excape from the disorder and chaos of the 'state of nature'
Social contract
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A pre-political society characterised by unrestrained freedom and the absence of established authority
State of nature
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A belief in majority rule, implies that the majority dominates the minority, or that the minority should defer to the judgment of the majority
Majoritarianism
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God-given rights that are fundamental to humans and cannot be taken away
Natural rights
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Use-value; in economics, it describes the satisfaction that's gained from the consumption of material goods and services
Utility
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Moral philosophy that was developed by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. Individuals are assumed to act to maximise pleasure and minimise pain
Utilitarianism
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A school of economic thought that emphasises the state's role in managing international trade and delivering prosperity
Mercantilism
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An absolute faith in the market, reflecting the belief that the market mechanism offers solutions to all economic and social problems
Market fundamentalism
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An updated version of classical liberalism, its central theme is that the economy works best when left alone by government
Neo-liberalism
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Concern for the interests and welfare of others, based on either enlightened self-interest or a belief in a common humanity
Altruism
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A company that controls economic activity in two or more countries, developing corporate strategies and processes that transcend national borders
Transnational corporation
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A form of liberalism that emphasises the economic and international benefits of free trade, leading to mutual benefit and general prosperity, as well as peace among states
Commercial liberalism
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A controversial that was used to describe experimental movements in western arts and cultural development in general
Postmodernism
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A form of liberalism that highlights the benefits of republican government and emphasises the link between democracy and peace
Republican liberalism
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Military intervention in the affairs of another state that's carried out in the pursuit of humanitarian rather than strategic objectives
Humanitarian intervention
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A form of government in which political power is concentrated in the hands of an individual/group, such as an absolute monarchy

Back

Absolutism

Card 3

Front

The belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A belief that society is made up of a collection of self-interest and self-sufficient individuals, rather than social groups

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The ability to think or act as one wishes, a capacity that can be associated with the individual, social group or a nation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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