Liberalism Key Words 0.0 / 5 ? Government & PoliticsLiberalismA2/A-levelAQA Created by: powrieannieCreated on: 06-06-16 09:09 Feudalism Fixed social hierarchies and a rigid pattern of obligations 1 of 31 Divine right Earthly rulers are chosen by God and thus wield unchallengeable authority. A defence of monarchical absolutism 2 of 31 Absolutism Politcal power concentrated in the hands of a single individual or small group (i.e. monarchy) 3 of 31 Classical liberalism Maximising the realm of unconstrained individual action, an established minimal state and free-market economics 4 of 31 Modern liberalism A qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development 5 of 31 The enlightenment A challenge to traditional beliefs in religion, politics and learning in general in the name of reason and progress 6 of 31 Atomism Society is made up of a collection of self-interested and self-sufficient individuals - or atoms. 7 of 31 Freedom The ability to think and act as one wished without restraint 8 of 31 Negative freedom The absence of external restrictions or constraints on the individual, allowing freedom of choice 9 of 31 Positive freedom Self-mastery or self-realisation: the achievement of autonomy and the development of human capacities 10 of 31 Paternalism Authority exercised from above for the guidance and support of those below 11 of 31 Justice A moral standard of fairness and impartiality 12 of 31 Equality The principle that humans are of identical worth and are thus entitle to be treated the same way 13 of 31 Meritocracy Rule by those with merit. Hierarchy is established based on ability rather than "natural order" 14 of 31 Pluralism A belief in diversity or choice, or the theory that political power is or should be widely and evenly dispersed 15 of 31 Toleration Forbearance, a willingness to accept views or action with which one is in disagreement 16 of 31 Social contract theory A hypothetical agreement between individuals through which a state is formed in order to avoid the "state of nature" 17 of 31 State of nature A pre-politicized societ characteried by unrestrained freedom and he absence of established authority 18 of 31 Devolution The transfer of power from central government to subordinate regional bodies 19 of 31 Liberal democracy The combination of both limited government and a system of regular and competitive elections 20 of 31 Civil liberty The private sphere of existence that is not infringed upon by governments 21 of 31 Civil society A realm of autonomous associations and groups, formed by private citizens that enjoy independence from government 22 of 31 Majoritarianism A belief in majority rule 23 of 31 Utilitarianism A moral and political philosophy that evaluates 'goodness' in terms of pleasure and pain 24 of 31 Natural rights God-given rights that are fundamental to human beings and are therefore inaleable 25 of 31 Human rights Rights to which people are entitled by virtue of being human 26 of 31 Mercantilism A school of thought that emphasises the state's role in managing international trade and delivering prosperity 27 of 31 Market fundamentalism An absolute faith in the free market 28 of 31 Individuality Self-fulfilment achieved through the realisation of an individuals distinctive or unique identity and qualities 29 of 31 Altruism Concern for the interests and welfare of others 30 of 31 Welfare state A state that takes primary responsibility for the social welfare of its citizens 31 of 31
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