Lenin to Yeltsin Social development

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  • Created by: Gulnawaz
  • Created on: 13-03-21 07:28
what did the Soviet Constitution of 1977 state?
all soviet citizens had the right to work; rest, health protection; housing and education
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what resulted in a drift of factory workers to the countryside under Lenin?
Collapse of the industrial production in 1918-21
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when was labour conscription introduced to ensure that the Red army was adequately supplies to win the wwar?
1918
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why did many workers no register with work exchanges?
fear of being forced into a job they didn't want
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when was labour exchanges introduced to supervise the hiring of workers?
1918
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Why did the end of the civil war bring additional pressures to the labour market?
Demobilisation of Red Army returned millions of soldiers to cities; food shortages in countryside led to a wave of peasants drifting into the cities
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When did unemployment reach over a million workers post-civil war?
1926
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How were skilled workers affected by the economic growth of the NEP?
Increasing job security; real wages started to rise
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What was one feature of the job market during the years of the NEP?
Continued use of arteli in recruitment
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Arteli
Groups of workers who offered their services and were paid as a group
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What owed much to the arteli system?
Use of 'shock brigades'
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Why did wage differentials grow under the NEP?
Skilled workers demanded more money than their unskilled counterparts
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When did the Soviet government announce that it was the first country to achieve full urban employment in peacetime?
1930
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What did the number of hired workers increase by from 1928-1937?
11.6 million to 27 million
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What put additional pressure on the labour force?
Lack of modern technology
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When were there labour shortages?
By 1932
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When was the unemployment benefit cancelled in light of full employment?
October 1930
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How much did the average Soviet worker produce in 1927?
1/2 of what an average British worker produced
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When did workers' productivity increase?
During the FYPs
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When did the government issue a passport system?
1932
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In 1937, how many urban workers changed their job each quarter of the year?
30%
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When were wage differences between skilled and unskilled workers increased to discourage skilled workers from moving jobs?
1931
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When was the use of piecework rates expanded?
1934
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Who did the expansion of piecework rates please?
Skilled workers- it increased the opportunity for them to earn higher wages
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What did the government use alongside material incentives to motivate the workforce?
Honours; medals
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Alexei Stakhanov
Coalminer from the Donbass region who could mine 15 times the average amount of coal
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What were some of the rewards given to model workers?
New flats; bigger rations
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What was a consequence of the restrictions on workers changing jobs?
Increase in absenteeism
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When were harsh punishments introduced for absent workers in key industries?
1931
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When was absenteeism made a criminal offence that could result in imprisonment?
1939
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What did labour camp inmates rise by between 1945-53?
Almost 1.5 million to nearly 2.5 million
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When did the Bolsheviks begin a programme of confiscating the large houses of the rich, partitioning them and renting them to families of workers?
1917
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What put a considerable strain on housing?
Enormous growth of towns and industrial centres under the FYPs
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How did Moscow's population increase between 1929-36?
2.2 million to 4.1 million
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Which towns saw a doubling of their population in the 1930s?
Towns of the Donbass coal and steel region
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In 1936, how much of rented units of housing consisted of more than one room?
Only 6%
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In 1936, in how many cases did rented units of housing consist of only part of one room?
24%
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Where were improvements in housing even slower to materialise?
Rural areas
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Why was the lack of available housing exacerbated?
Damage caused by WW2
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How was Stalingrad's housing affected by WW2?
It lost 90%
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Under what did housing remain a low priority?
4 and 5 FYPs
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When did cheap food become available within workforce canteens?
1930s
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Who often provided social benefits?
Trade unions
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How much paid holiday were workers given?
2 weeks
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When was a compulsory vaccination programme implemented to deal with a serious cholera epidemic?
1921
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What was a serious issue between 1918-20, resulting in over six million deaths?
Lice-spread typhus
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What had weakened health-care provision?
Many doctors had fled Russia soon after the Revolution
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How did the number of doctors change between 1928-40?
Increased from 70,000 to 155,000
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How did the number of hospital beds change between 1928-39?
Increased from 247,000 to 791,000
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What was much of the progress in medicine due to?
Women training to enter the medical profession in large numbers
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What often resulted in short-term unemployment in rural areas?
Seasonal work (such as farming)
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When was it common for Soviets to experience a short period of unemployment?
As graduates
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Real wages
Wages compared with prices
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How did real wages change between 1967-77?
Rose by 50%
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What helped economic stability during the Khrushchev years?
Limited gap between the best paid and the worst paid- wage differentials were relatively low, less than 1/2 of that of the USA in 1970
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When was a minimum wage introduced?
1956
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When was the working week reduced and the number of days' paid holiday increased?
1957
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When was the first time that an economic plan set a higher growth rate for consumer goods than heavy industry?
9FYP 1971-75
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what resulted in a drift of factory workers to the countryside under Lenin?

Back

Collapse of the industrial production in 1918-21

Card 3

Front

when was labour conscription introduced to ensure that the Red army was adequately supplies to win the wwar?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

why did many workers no register with work exchanges?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

when was labour exchanges introduced to supervise the hiring of workers?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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