6. How do left realists feel about the UK being meritocratic?
If people truely believed it was they would less likely to commit crime and more needs to be done to improve peoples economic and social opportunites
If people truely believed it was they would more likely to commit crime and more needs to be done to improve peoples economic and social opportunites
If people truely believed it was they would less likely to report crime and more needs to be done to improve peoples economic and social opportunites
7. What are the deeper structural causes of crime?
Unequal nature of capitalist society - Unequal wealth and opportunities causes culture of envy and undermines social cohesion
Unequal nature of capitalist society - Unequal wealth and opportunities causes culture of crime and undermines social cohesion
Unequal nature of prejudice society - Unequal wealth and opportunities causes culture of envy and undermines socialisation
8. How do Lea and Young think we should improve policing?
Use the assistance of the local communities and tackle institutional racism
Use the assistance of the local communities and tackle institutional sexism
Use the assistance of the ethnic communities and tackle institutional negligence
9. What is restorative justice?
Encourages offender to take responsibility for their actions and repair the harm they have done by apologising to police and giving back to the community
Encourages offender to take responsibility for their actions and repair the harm they have done by apologising to victims and giving back to the community
Encourages victim to take responsibility for their actions and repair the harm they have done by apologising to society and giving back to the community
10. How does Braithwaite support his argument that reintrigative shaming works?
Reoffending and crime rates tend to be lower in societites where reintrigative and disintregative shaming is used
Reoffending and crime rates tend to be lower in societites where reintrigative rather than disintregative shaming is used
Reoffending and crime rates tend to be higher in societites where reintrigative rather than disintregative shaming is used
11. What is an evaluation of restorative justice?
Evidence suggests general public associate restorative justice with rehabilitation and reform which are seen as favouring the criminal
Evidence suggests general public associate restorative justice with rehabilitation and reform which are seen as favouring the victim
Evidence suggests victims associate restorative justice with rehabilitation and reform which are seen as favouring the criminal
12. Who outlines another aspect of restorative justice?
Sherman and Strang - Reintregative shaming, labeling of the act as deviant not the person, offenders aware of impact but can change, encourages remourse this makes victims forgive more, allows society to readmit offender
Braithwaite - Reintregative shaming, labeling of the act as deviant not the person, offenders aware of impact but can change, encourages remourse this makes victims forgive more, allows society to readmit offender
Lea and Young - Reintregative shaming, labeling of the act as deviant not the person, offenders aware of impact but can change, encourages remourse this makes victims forgive more, allows society to readmit offender
13. Which left realists suggest a way to fix the structural causes of crime?
Braithwaite&Lea - Crime can only be reduced/eliminated by improving peoples opportunities to achieve a decent standard of living, this must be done by reducing income and wealth inequalities, decent jobs for all, good housing & inner city enviroments
Lea and Young - Crime can only be reduced/eliminated by improving peoples opportunities to achieve a decent standard of living, this must be done by reducing income and wealth inequalities, decent jobs for all, good housing & inner city enviroments
Sherman&Strang - Crime can only be reduced/eliminated by improving peoples opportunities to achieve a decent standard of living, this must be done by reducing income and wealth inequalities, decent jobs for all, good housing & inner city enviroments
14. What are they three main changes they put forward?
Deal with the deeper structural causes of crime, improve policing and restorative justice
Deal with the deeper structural causes of crime, improve policing and retributive justice
Deal with the deeper social causes of crime, improve policing and retributive justice
15. What policies do left realists think the government should apply in inner cities?
Educational programes, Minimum pay legislation, Reduce inequalities in income and wealth, Economic investment
Educational programes, Maximum pay legislation, Reduce inequalities in income and wealth, Economic investment
Adult educational programes, Minimum pay legislation, Reduce inequalities in income and wealth, Economic investment