Lecture 7 - Stability, Change and Ageing

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How does fluid and crystallised intelligence test performance change with age?
Fluid intelligence decreases, crystallised intelligence increases.
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Why does fluid intelligence decline during adulthood?
Defects in; organising information, alertness to new information, concentrating, maintaining and dividing attention, holding information in working memory, ignoring irrelevancies.
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Which brain area is implicated in the declining ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information?
Default Mode Network - associated with internal focused cognition
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What is the Default Mode Network?
A network of brain regions which are activated when the brain is NOT task-focused.
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The DMN is thought to involve which brain regions?
Medial temporal lobe, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex.
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Name some instances where the DMN may be activated?
Day-dreaming, future planning, mind wandering
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How does the DMN relate to personality?
It is our internal personality (store of preferences, beliefs, feelings etc.) but also shapes how we act in situations by integrating that information with stimuli.
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What are the links between DMN and the Big Five?
Location of brain activity at rest and traits, Volume of brain areas, Connections - e.g. high nodal strength and high conscientiousness.
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How is the DMN effected by ageing?
The default-executive coupling hypothesis of ageing: older people have reduced DMN suppression, so they are able to draw upon past experiences more easily - explains why older people get 'set in their ways' and the change in fluid and crystallised
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What did Hampson & Goldberg find in their study of primary school children in relation to the Big Five?
Over 40 years, stability was higher for extraversion than for openness, agreeableness and neuroticism (contrary to what DMN research would suggest)
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Why does fluid intelligence decline during adulthood?

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Defects in; organising information, alertness to new information, concentrating, maintaining and dividing attention, holding information in working memory, ignoring irrelevancies.

Card 3

Front

Which brain area is implicated in the declining ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information?

Back

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Card 4

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What is the Default Mode Network?

Back

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Card 5

Front

The DMN is thought to involve which brain regions?

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