Lecture 4 - Dimensions of Personality

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How does APA define personality?
Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
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How has a nomothetic approach been used to look at personality?
Factor analysis used to identify the latent structure of personality. E.g. stability = stable / neurotic
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What are some strengths of Cattell's 16 PF model?
Lead to the development of a widely used test, breadth and depth, relevant in an occupational domain, 'paved the way'
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What are some limitations of Cattell's 16 PF model?
Underwent extensive revisions, correlation of factors suggests underlying constructs.
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What did Eysenck believe was a key determinant of personality?
Biological factors
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What were Eysenck's original 2 PEN dimensions, and the addition?
Extraversion and Neuroticism, then Psychoticism
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Show some evidence/support for Eysenck's PEN theory.
Variability along E and N dimensions, cross-cultural validity, genetic basis for personality.
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What are some limitations of Eysenck's PEN model?
Traits not stable over time, reliability of the P dimension, irrelevant focus on the 'normal', social and environmental influences, only 3 factors.
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Who proposed the Big Five model?
Costa & McCrae
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What are Costa & McCrae's 5 factors?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN)
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Strengths of the Big Five model?
Widely used, stability over time, cross-cultural support, heritability of factors, consistency with Cattell's 16PF and Eysenck's PEN, application to real-life situations.
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Limitations of the Big Five model?
Specificity and labels of factors, more factors.
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What is the name of Ashton and Lee's model?
HEXACO
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What are the dimensions of the HEXACO model?
Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness-Anger, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience
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What are the 3 Dark Triad traits?
Psychopathy, machiavellianism, narcissism
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Increased dark triad traits are linked with low levels of which HEXACO dimension?
Honesty-humility.
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What are some limitations of the HEXACO model?
Truly independent factors, cultural shifts, subjectivity of the factor analysis
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What is the general factor of personality (Musek)?
2 factors - stability and plasticity.
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What is the difference between the trait and type approaches?
Traits exist on a continuous dimension, types have discrete differences.
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Describe a Type A personality.
Competitive achievement motivation, time urgency, hostility.
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Describe Type D personalities.
The interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition.
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What is the link between Type D personality and health?
Poorer health, illness, work absences, medical information seeking.
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How has a nomothetic approach been used to look at personality?

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Factor analysis used to identify the latent structure of personality. E.g. stability = stable / neurotic

Card 3

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What are some strengths of Cattell's 16 PF model?

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Card 4

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What are some limitations of Cattell's 16 PF model?

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Card 5

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What did Eysenck believe was a key determinant of personality?

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