Lecture 3 - Intelligence

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What are the 3 methods of studying the heritability of intelligence?
Twin studies (MZ + DZ), adoption studies (environmental influence), family studies (degree of relatedness)
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What are rough estimates of the heritability of IQ?
Between 50 and 80%
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What are some issues with the study of heritability of intelligence?
Representative sample - mostly high SE families, understanding the genetic factor (no clear genome), assortative mating
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What is assortative mating?
The tendency of humans to 'mate' with a partner who is similar to themselves.
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What did Watson et al. find in their Assortative Dating study of newlyweds?
40% similarities in intelligence. Strong - age, politics, religion. Moderate - education. Weaker - attachment, emotional experiences.
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Name some environmental influences on IQ.
Culture, education, family, biological influences - nutrition, maternal factors, prenatal (FAS and smoking)
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Define emotional intelligence.
The ability to understand your own and others' emotions, distinguish between different emotions and use them to guide thinking and behaviour.
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What is alexithymia?
A core inability to understand the emotions of oneself or others.
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Who first proposed social intelligence?
Thorndike
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What did Mayer & Salovey distinguish between and then propose?
Intelligence (mental abilities) and traits (behavioural preferences). Ability model of emotional intelligence.
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What are Mayer & Salovey's 4 capacities/branches of EI?
1. Accurately *perceiving* emotions, 2. Using emotions to *facilitate* thinking, 3. *Understanding* emotional meanings, 4. *Managing* emotions. (with 1 being the least and 4 the most sophisticated)
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What are some factors that influence how well we perceive emotions?
Mental health disorders - anxiety, bipolar; children who experienced neglect or abuse.
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What are Goleman's 5 components of emotional intelligence?
Self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills.
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How did Goleman build on Mayer & Salovey's model of EI?
Linked EI to the limbic system (experience of emotions) and the amygdala (fight or flight).
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What are Goleman's 4 revised domains of emotional competency?
Self-awareness + self-regulation (personal competencies), social awareness + social skills (social competencies)
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What are the 4 Ps of creativity?
Person - personality characteristics, Process - strategies leading to creative products, Press - situational factors, Product - the end result of creative processes.
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What does creativity have links to?
IQ and bipolar disorder
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What are rough estimates of the heritability of IQ?

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Between 50 and 80%

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What are some issues with the study of heritability of intelligence?

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What is assortative mating?

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Card 5

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What did Watson et al. find in their Assortative Dating study of newlyweds?

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