Lecture 3

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What is cancer
disease of uncontrolled cell division
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How does cancer come about
through addition of mutations in DNA
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What roles do mutated genes play
controlling cell division, survival, differentiation
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What is apical
surface of the plasma membrane that faces inward
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what is basal lamina
a basement membrane, separates from underlying connective tissue.
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Epithelial tissue lines...
lines body cavities and ducts, form secretory portions of glands
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Muscle tissue is made up of
fibres that contract
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What is nervous tissue's structure and function
Cells with projections that transmit electrical signals
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Function of loose connective tissue2
acts as a padding under skin
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What are Bone and cartilage tissue made of
cells in a hard extracellular matrix
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what is blood made up of
cells in a liquid matrix
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Bronchial epithelium structure and function
cilia, beats to remove inhaled material
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Intestinal epithelial structure and function
microvilli to increase surface area for absorption
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Squamous -
flat
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cuboidal -
square
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columnar -
tall
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Define Pseudostratified
more than one layer with all cells contacting the basement membrane
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Define stratisfied
Several layers of cells
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tight junction (func)
seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage of molecules between them
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adherens junction (func)
joins actin bundle to one cell to similar bundle in neighbouring cell
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desmosome
joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to neighbouring
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gap junction
forms channels allowing small water soluble molecules to pass from cell to cell
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hemidesmosome
anchors intermediate filaments in cell to basal lamina
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smooth muscle structure
has spindle shaped fibres, in walls of internal organs (involuntary)
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cardiac muscle structure
striated fibres, in walls of heart (involuntary)
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skeletal muscle structure
striated fibres, attached to skeleton, voluntary
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neuron function
electrically active cells carrying impulses.
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Neuroglia function
Surround and support neurons but do not carry impulses. Provide insulation for neurons
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Connective tissue function
Support (Epithelia sit on connective tissue for mechanical support). Storage (Adipose tissue stores fat). Production of blood cells (Bone marrow)
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why can't some cells be replaced
formed during formed in embryonic development, no longer capable of cell division
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why can't some differentiated cells divide
in a resting state ( quiescence), but able to activate cell division
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carcinoma features
Always malignant (uncontrollable), Common, Spread by lymphatics, have a pre-malignant phase, Older patients
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SARCOMA features
Always malignant, Rare, Spread by blood, no pre-malignant phase, Younger patients
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Benign tumour features
Slow growing, Few mitoses, Usually resemble tissue of origin, never invade or metastasise
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Malignant tumour features
Variable and may be rapid, many mitoses, only poorly resemble tissue of origin, nuclear morphology may be variable and can be very abnormal, invades surrounding tissues and metastasises
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Adeno -
glandular epithelium
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Papillo -
Non-glandular epithelium
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Lipo -
Fat
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Osteo-
Bone
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Chondro-
Cartilage
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Angio-
blood vessel
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Rhabdo-
Skeletal muscle
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Leiomyo-
Smooth muscle
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-oma
tumour
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-carcinoma
Epithelial malignancy
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-sarcoma
Connective tissue malignancy
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-aemia
Malignancy of bone marrow cells
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does cancer come about

Back

through addition of mutations in DNA

Card 3

Front

What roles do mutated genes play

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is apical

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is basal lamina

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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