Application of statistical approaches to humans; Body Mass Index, normal distributions, standard deviations - the 'average man'.
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What is a latent variable?
Variables that cannot be studied directly so must be measured by inferred from other data.
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What is factor analysis?
A form of data reduction searching for patterns of correlation. e.g. bach, beethoven and mozart are all classical music.
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What are psychometric tests?
Tests that use factor analysis to measure latent variables such as intelligence.
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What was Spearman's theory of intelligence?
'G' ('general' intelligence) influenced 's' (specific abilities) to performance on an intelligence test. 'g' is a deeper, more fundamental mechanism, 'mental energy'.
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Define the term 'positive manifold'.
Positive manifold is the idea that all variables are positively correlated. In this context, Spearman found a positive manifold between scores of many different tests of intellect.
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Which two researchers were inspired by Spearman to create the Intelligence Quotient?
Wechsler and Stern
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What problem were Raven's progressive matrices seeking to solve?
Making tests less language-based and biased towards a Western education.
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What is the difference between Cattell's fluid and crystallised intelligences?
Fluid and crystallised intelligence are both components of 'g'. Crystallised intelligence refers to 'learnt' knowledge, affected by cultural biases. Fluid intelligence refers to an innate reasoning ability - abstract problem solving.
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What are multi-factor theories of intelligence?
Ones that mostly build from 'g' to further specify abilities such as verbal reasoning, spatial, psychomotor, etc.
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There is evidence that brain size is positively correlated to IQ. True or False?
True.
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Is there a relationship between reaction time and intelligence?
Moderate correlation with IQ; visual search and inspection tasks
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What are the 7 factors of a good psychometric test?
1. Reliability, 2. Validity, 3. Length of test, 4. Standardisation of admin, 5. Ease of scoring, 6. Comparison, 7. Value of findings
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What is the Flynn effect?
The substantial and sustained increase in intelligence scores over time. Based on factors including; length of schooling, parenting styles, nutrition, test-taking sophistication and environmental change (visual stimulation).
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Limitations of psychometric tests?
Stability of traits - predictive validity, reliability of results, who is conducting, over-testing.
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Cultural issues with measuring ID?
Biases in the tests themselves, seeking group differences can be negative (eugenics) or positive (absence of differences in intelligence - can promote social change)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a latent variable?
Back
Variables that cannot be studied directly so must be measured by inferred from other data.
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