lecture 1- bacterial pathogens

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  • Created by: hadar
  • Created on: 29-01-18 14:22
Name 3 Gram +ve cocci
1) staph aureus 2) strep pyogenes 3) strep agalactiae
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Name 2 Gram -ve cocci
1) Neisseria maningitidis 2) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Name 4 Gram +ve bacilli
1) bacillus anthracis 2) c.diff 3) listeria monocytogenes 4) corynebacterium diptheriae
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Name 5 Gram -ve bacilli
1)Salmonella typhi 2)Shigella spp 3)Escherichia coli 4)Proteus spp 5)Yersinia pestis
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Name 4 Gram -ve coccobacilli
1)Haemophilus 2)Bordetella 3)Brucella 4)Pasteurella
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Name 5 spiral bacteria
1)Helicobacter 2)Campylobacter 3)Borrielia 4)Leptospira 5)Treponema pallidum
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How do you classify bacteria?
Gram stain (colour) and Shape
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Describe Gram +ve
Have thick cell wall which retains the gram stain
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Describe Gram -ve
Have a think cell wall surrounded by outer fatty membrane- doesn't obtain gram stain
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What do certain bacteria cause particular infection? (3)
1) Host factors 2) Opportunity 3) Bacterial factors
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Name some host factors
-immunocompromised – young/old/ devices/ medication -skin integrity -Immune function -vaccinations
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Name some bacterial factors
-virulence ability -primary pathogens – can infect anyone whereas opportunistic can only invade in certain conditions
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Name some opportunity factors
-how often are you exposed to the bacteria -composition of own flora
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What is the most common infection of E.coli?
UTI --> colonisation of urethral meatus and surrounding area
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What is the most common infection by S.aureus?
Skin infections --> produce exoenzymes and toxins that damage tissue
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What infections does S.aureus cause?
skin/ soft tissue, surgical site, bacteraemia, septicaemia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, pneumonia, UTI, meningitis
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What infections does S. epidermidis cause?
opportunistic- associated with foreign body (catheters, prosthetics)
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What infections does S. pyogenes cause?
scarlet fever, necrotising fasciitis, SSTIs, pneumonia (invasive infections), puerperal sepsis, glomerulonephritis (2ndary immunological presentations)
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What is another name for S.pyogenes?
Group A strep
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What is the most common infection by S. pyogenes?
bacterial sore throat
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What is the most common infection by S. pneumoniae?
bacterial pneumonia and bacterial meningitis (except in neonates)
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What infections does S. pneumoniae cause?
childhood infections- otitis media
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What is another name for strep agalactiae?
Group B strep
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What is most common caused by strep agalactiae?
bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates (
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What is caused by strep milleri complex?
abscesses- dental, liver, lung, brain and others (pus forming strep)
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What is caused by viridian's streptococci?
sub-acute bacterial endocarditis
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What type of strep is viridians?
α-haemolytic streptococci
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Where do viridian's strep usually inhabit?
upper respiratory tract
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Give 2 examples of viridian's streptococci
S. oralis and S. mitis
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What is another name for S. gallolyticus?
Strep bovis
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What is caused by S. gallolyticus?
bacteraemia associated with colonic malignancies
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What is caused by listeria monocytogenes?
rare but significant sepsis, meningitis in pregnancy, neonates and immunosupressed
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What is listeria monocytogenes associated with consuming?
cheese made from unpasteurised milk and other foodstuff
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Where is Corynebacterium commensal?
In skin and upper respiratory tract
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What is infection with Corynebacterium a result of?
devices and trauma
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What does Corynebacterium diptheriae cause?
diphtheria
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What does propionibacterium acnes cause?
acne- also device associated and post-procedural infections
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What species are enterobaceriaceae?
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae
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What does E.coli most commonly cause?
UTI and bacteraemia
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What does E.coli cause?
nosocomial infections
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What are toxigenic strains of E.coli (O157) associated with?
severe diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemia syndrome (HUS)
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What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?
respiratory infections, UTIs, soft tissue and other infections (vulnerable patients- opportunistic)
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what is characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection?
green pigment
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What does Neisseria meningitidis cause?
meningococcal sepsis/ meningitis
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What id the classic presentation of Neisseria meningitidis
purpuric non-blanching rash (sepsis)
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What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?
gonorrhoea, ophthalmia neonatorum, invasive infections secondary to STI
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Where is Haemophilus influenzae commensal?
respiratory tract flora
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What does Haemophilus influenzae cause?
respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, infective COPD exacerbation)
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Which type of Haemophilus influenzae is prevented by H1b vaccine?
Type B
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What do capsulated Haemophilus influenzae associated with?
Meningitis and epiglottitis
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Name 5 anaerobes
1) clostridium species 2) C.diff 3)C. perfringens 4) C. tetani 5) C. botulinum also bactericides, fusobacterium, prevotella
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What does C.perfringens cause?
Gas gangrene
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What is another term for mycobacterium?
Acid fast bacilli (AFBs)
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Name 2 bacteria without a conventional cell wall
1) chlamydia species (C.trachomatis) 2)Mycoplasma species (M. pneumoniae)
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What does Treponema palladium cause?
Syphilis
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What infections are caused by spirochetes?
Leptospirosis, lyme disease
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What is the most common cause of STI?
Chlamydia trachomatis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name 2 Gram -ve cocci

Back

1) Neisseria maningitidis 2) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Card 3

Front

Name 4 Gram +ve bacilli

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name 5 Gram -ve bacilli

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name 4 Gram -ve coccobacilli

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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