What are the two strands of the learning approach?
Behvaioural & Social Learning Theory
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What does tabula rasa mean?
born as a blank slate
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What is classical conditioning?
learning via association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus, the NS eventually producing the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone
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What is the key piece of research into classical conditioning?
Pavolv - dog & salivation study
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What is operant conditioning?
learning via consequences; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment
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What does positive/negative reinforcement do to the likelihood of behaviour?
increases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
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What does punishment do to the likelihood of behaviour?
decreases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
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What is the key piece of research into operant conditioning?
Skinner - rats in the skinner box study
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How is behaviourism considered scientifically credible? :)
Emphasises the importance of scientific processes such as objectivity and replication, made it influence the development of psychology as a science, giving it greater credibility
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What are the ethical issues of the behavioural research?
Skinner used rats in his study, and some behaviourists argue the same laws govern all species, irrespective of behaviour
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How does testing on animals to support the behaviourist theory, affect validity of teh approach?
Testing on animals makes the findings lack external validity, as they are unable to apply to humans
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What is the social learning theory?
learning via observation and imitation
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What is the key piece of research into the social learning theory?
Bandura - bobo doll experiment
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What are Bandura's 4 steps of learning?
Child observes a behaviour. Child internalises the behaviour. Child performs behaviour at any chosen time. Due to response, child desists or repeats behaviour
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How can the SLT be argued not to establish a causal relationship?
Observation and imitation be the cause of the delinquent behaviours of the kids in Bandura's experiment, other factors may be involved
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How can the SLT be considered externally valid?
Has had many practical applications, and has usefully applied to the understanding of human development
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How can the SLT be seen as environmentally reductionist?
Ignores other factors that may impact on behaviour, thus refusing the other explanations (biological)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does tabula rasa mean?
Back
born as a blank slate
Card 3
Front
What is classical conditioning?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the key piece of research into classical conditioning?
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