Involuntary Act. Driver of a vehicle was stung by swarm of bees so his actions were not voluntary.
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What is a state of affairs case?
A rare case in which the defendant is convicted even though he or she did not act voluntarily
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Pittwood
OMISSION: A contractual duty - Failed to shut the gates to a trainline so person crossing the line was killed by a train. He was convicted of manslaughter.
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Gibbons and Proctor
OMISSION: Duty because of relationship - Failed to feed their child so were guilty of murder.
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Stone And Dobinson
OMISSION: Duty taken on voluntarily - Failed to care for sister or seek help so she died in their care.
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Dytham
OMISSION: Duty through an official position- Police officer witnessed an attack and failed to summon help.
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Miller
OMISSION: Duty that arises when defendant has set a chain of events. Started a fire and did not attempt to put it out.
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NHS turst V Bland
NHS given permission to stop feeding of a man in a vegetative state. Not an omission.
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Pagett
Factual Causation: Defendant used his girlfriend as a human shield when shooting at armed police. She was shot at and died.
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White
Factual Causation: Defendant put cynaide in his mothers drink. She died to a heart attack before she drank it so his actions did not kill her.
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