the creation of different speech sounds by the modification of air flow in the vocal organs
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babbling
repeated consonant-vowel sounds and a combination of these made by babies of about 6 to 12 months
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behaviourists
theorists who believe that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement (trial and error)
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bound morpheme
a morpheme that can only have meaning when attached to a free morpheme
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cooing
open-mouthed vowel sounds made by babies of about 3 to 6 months old
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derivational morphology
the study of how morphemes are used to help create new words
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free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand independently and act as a meaning unit on its own
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fricative
a sound that is created by the slow and controlled release of air through the mouth creating friction
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gestalt expressions
expressions which group words together in to unsegmented 'chunks'
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grammatical words
words that carry meaning as part of a longer grammatical construction, e.g. prepositions, determiners and auxiliary verbs.
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holophrase
a one word phrase that is used to communicate more than the word on its own
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hypernym
a category into which other words fit
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hyponym
a word within the hypernym's category
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implicature
expressing meaning indirectly
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inference
drawing out meanings from other speech
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inflectional morphology
the study of how morphemes are used to create different grammatical functions
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lexical words
words that have meaning on their own.- usually nouns, main verbs, adjectives and adverbs
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morpheme
the smallest unit of grammatical meaning
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morphology
the study of word structure, especially in terms of morphemes
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nativist theories
these suggest that language acquisition is 'built in' to or 'innate' in all humans
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nativist theorists
theorists who believe that humans have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language
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overextended
to stretch the meaning of a word
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overextention
a feature of a child's language where the word used to label something is stretched to included things that aren't normally part of that words meaning
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overgeneralisation
the over application of a grammatical rule; a form of virtuous error
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phoneme
the smallest unit of sound in a language
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pitch
high or low sounds
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plural
the marking of a noun to indicate how many are being talked about
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posession
the marking of a word to indecate that it posesses or owns something
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post-telegraphic
the stage after telegraphic during which many of the omitted words form the stage before start to appear
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pre-verbal
the stages before actual words are uttered
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productive vocabulary
the words a child can actually speak
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proto-words
sounds that resemble actual words but that are not consistently applied to their referents.
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referent
ther object or person in the real world to which a sound consistently relates
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relative clause
a subordinate clause that is used to add more information about another clause element. it acts like an adjective
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segment
to break down the stream of speech into understandable units of meaning
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social interactionists
theorists who believe that child language is developed through close interaction with carers
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social interaction theories
suggest that verbal and social interaction will help a childs language development
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stops
sound where the airflow is completely stopped. they are created in the throat (e.g. glottal stop), at the back of the mouth (e.g. ck) at the alvedor ridge (e.g. t) or the lips (e.g. p)
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telegraphic
the stage during which children use three or more words, usually omitted grammatical words (i.e determiners, auxiliary verbs and prepositions) but kepping lexical words (like noun verbs and adjectives)
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underextention
to contract the meaning of a word
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utterance
a stretch or continuous unit of speech
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virtuous error
a mistake that is logical and that sheds light on a childs processes of language development
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
babbling
Back
repeated consonant-vowel sounds and a combination of these made by babies of about 6 to 12 months
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