What is a mental model/ situational representation?
A representation of the meaning conveyed, constructed in memory as we read, in the real or imaginary world described in the text.
1 of 24
Where is the active representation stored?
In the WM.
2 of 24
What else can cause the creation of mental models (2)?
Direct experiences or movies.
3 of 24
How do we acquire sentence meaning?
The propositions stated plus the "speech act."
4 of 24
How do we understand discourse using prepositions?
By linking given and new prepositions within and across sentences.
5 of 24
How may sentence structure be described?
As a tree-like hierarchy.
6 of 24
What are function words?
The/ a/ an introduce noun phrases. Who/ which/ that are relative nouns, they introduce relative clauses.
7 of 24
What are word-modifying "morphological inflections?"
Dog/ dogs/ dog's, I vomit/ he vomits/ I vomitted, tall/ taller/ tallest.
8 of 24
What evidence is there for a specialised structure-computing module in our brain?
Some Broca's aphasia patients have trouble comprehending syntactically complex sentences, simple reversible sentences, and sentences whose meaning depends critically on affixes and function words.
9 of 24
What is lexical ambiguity?
Words with several distinct senses.
10 of 24
What is syntactic ambiguity?
Ambiguous sentence structures.
11 of 24
What is ambiguity of reference?
For example, "John pointed out Bill's friend Paul, who gave HIM HIS hat."
12 of 24
What is speech act ambiguity?
For example, P: "We are approaching take off." C: "Okay." (Acknowledgement or permission to take off).
13 of 24
What can the surface form of utterances do?
Directly indicate a speech act.
14 of 24
How can an utterance perform an indirect speech act of a different kind?
By uttering in a suitable context and with particular intonation.
15 of 24
How must we infer the speech act intended?
From prosody, extra-linguistic cues, context, and general knowledge.
16 of 24
How are some social/ legal speech acts signalled?
By the use of particular words or phrases that 'work' only in a felicitous context.
17 of 24
What do we base inferences on when constructing a mental model?
Extra-linguistic context, general knowledge, prosody and body language, communication conventions, linguistic context (what has been said before).
18 of 24
How do we usually disambiguate meaning?
Without awareness of the ambiguity or noticeable perturbation.
19 of 24
What is the minimal commitment strategy?
Postpone interpretation until all potentially disambiguating information is available.
20 of 24
What is the serial strategy?
Construct the most probable interpretation, back track if it's the wrong one.
21 of 24
What is the parallel strategy?
Construct multiple interpretations in parallel, delete the ones that don't work.
22 of 24
What is semantic priming?
Provides a measure of activation of the prime's meaning, and gives evidence for the parallel strategy.
23 of 24
What does the strength of activation depend on (2)?
Degree of contextual constraint available, frequency of use of each meaning.
24 of 24
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where is the active representation stored?
Back
In the WM.
Card 3
Front
What else can cause the creation of mental models (2)?
Back
Card 4
Front
How do we acquire sentence meaning?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do we understand discourse using prepositions?
Comments
No comments have yet been made