Language Change 4.0 / 5 based on 6 ratings ? English LanguageA2/A-levelAQA Created by: EllieCreated on: 22-12-12 12:59 Compound 2 words join to produce a single word e.g.: sunburn/ bookcase 1 of 38 Blending 2 separate words blend to create 1, usually using the beginning of one and the end of the other e.g.: vlog 2 of 38 Clipping multi syllable words are reduced to a single syllable e.g.:bra 3 of 38 Coinage totally new words (usually band names) e.g.:Kleenex 4 of 38 Borrowing words taken from other languages e.g.: boss= dutch 5 of 38 Calque a direct translation from another language 6 of 38 Backformation where a noun is turned into a verb e.g.: television-televise 7 of 38 Hypocrism shortening a word to a single syllable then adding -y or -ie e.g.:movie/telly 8 of 38 Conversion category change or shift eg: noun-verb 9 of 38 Derivation (PSI) Prefixing, Suffixing, Infixing 10 of 38 Amelioration a word gains positive meanings 11 of 38 Pejoration a word gains negative meanings 12 of 38 Broadening the meaning of a word broadens 13 of 38 Narrowing the meaning of a word narrows 14 of 38 Figurative a word takes on a metaphoric use 15 of 38 Shift words change to accommodate technology 16 of 38 Conversationalisation Text sounds more like a conversation or speech 17 of 38 Informalisation Language forms traditionally used for personal encounters widen into other aspects of life 18 of 38 The great vowel shift many vowel sounds shortened (far and fat) 19 of 38 Prescriptivism places value on language and considers changing language as evidence of decline 20 of 38 Descriptivism values spoken language the same as written and appreciates a change in language 21 of 38 Damp spoon syndrome Society is lazy in cleaning its language and so "bad" bits stick 22 of 38 Infectious disease theory "bad" language is infectious and people catch it to fit into social groups 23 of 38 Crumbling castle theory there was an age when language was "perfect" but since then has begun to crumble as it changes 24 of 38 David McKinnon categorises language use as... Correct/Incorrect. Pleasant/Ugly. Socially Acceptable/Unacceptable. Morally Acceptable/Unacceptable 25 of 38 Why does language change? Migration. War/Invasion. Science/Technology. Social, ideological and cultural change. Media 26 of 38 Acronym Sounded out as a word :RADAR 27 of 38 Initialism each letter is pronounced singularly :DFTBA 28 of 38 Metaphor a word acquires a meaning as it is used metaphorically 29 of 38 Euphamism describing something unpleasant in a pleasant way 30 of 38 Idiom a phrase that can not be understood literally 31 of 38 Archarism when a word becomes archaic 32 of 38 Reasons for orthographical change (3) Phonological, Technological or Standardisation 33 of 38 Graphology (8) Font, Style, Colour, Spacing, Format, Emoticons, Pictures, Text 34 of 38 Instrumental power used to maintain power and authority 35 of 38 Influential power used to influence/ persuade others 36 of 38 RP the "accent" of standardised english 37 of 38 Ascending and Descending tricolons. the power of three when the three things get steadily more or less important 38 of 38
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