categorisation e,g, if an animal is wild or domestic based on picture
1 of 34
define denotation e.g. dog
core meaning e.g. what makes a dog a dog
2 of 34
define connotation e.g. dog
emotions e.g. smelly/ friendly
3 of 34
semantic network model
words receive meanings from associations with other words Dog-- barks/ 4 legs/ furry....
4 of 34
Access and priming
mechanism of spreading activation- over time strong connections develop with closely associated words
5 of 34
problem with semantic network model
hard to falsify
6 of 34
Different types of features, yellow coat, black stripes= tiger
Perceptual feature
7 of 34
Different types of features, birds lay eggs
defining feature
8 of 34
Different types of features, birds fly (not all do)
characteristic
9 of 34
Different types of features, farmed for wool
Functional feature
10 of 34
Difficulty 1 (wittgenstein)- fuzzy boundaries
not easy to have defining features for some concepts e.g. witgenstien's example of game
11 of 34
difficulty 2 only using characteristics
characteristics in common with other fruit but will not possess exact same features as any other fruit
12 of 34
Prototype theory
some category examples are more representative than others and this is known as the prototype
13 of 34
'graded structure' studies
people rate category examples according to how representative they are
14 of 34
problems with protoype theory
hard to identify examples for some categories especially for abstract concepts
15 of 34
true relevant features
people might say that 13 is better than 51, but when asked to explain why they'll say they are both as good as each other
16 of 34
context dependant features e.g. basketballs- independant
round and bouncy
17 of 34
context dependant features e.g. basketballs- dependant
can float on water
18 of 34
Theory theories
People believe that objects belong to particular categories as they possess certain inherent features
19 of 34
Theory theories e.g. gold
gold is gold not because of colour, but because of microstructure, even though dont know what it is
20 of 34
theory theories- children
remove stripes from tiger say it is a lion
21 of 34
theory theories-adults
dont do that, not the features that determine the meaning of a concept
22 of 34
Rogers et al- connectionist model of semantic memory
Not just the representation of meaning, but also the way in which language maps onto the external world
23 of 34
Rogers et al- connectionist model of semantic memory- process
visual feature- semantic- verbal
24 of 34
Rogers et al- connectionist model of semantic memory- network operation
name, perceptual, functional, encyclopedic
25 of 34
classification of naming responses
correct- what non brain damaged people would say, superordinate- more general, incorrect- semantic errors, incorrect cross domain, omission- no response
26 of 34
what did patients do?
patients generally initially made semantic errors and omissions which gradually turned into just ommisions
27 of 34
2 types of selective semantic impairment- 1
according to nature of info stored, i.e. animate/ inanimate
28 of 34
2 types of selective semantic impairment- 2
input modality- pictures/words
29 of 34
Patient TOB
abnormality in left temporal lobe, selective deficit in providing semantic information for words presented to him referring to living things
30 of 34
Patient TOB- McCarthy
evidence for existence of 'multiple meaning representations'
31 of 34
Patient DRS
selective deficit for naming objects from pictures
32 of 34
Double dissociation
TOB problem with word input and living things, DRS problem with picture input for objects
33 of 34
capitaine- 3 categories of conceptual knowledge that can be impaired interdependently of each other
Comments
No comments have yet been made