Language Change Terminology 0.0 / 5 ? English LanguageLanguage changeA2/A-levelAQA Created by: study-shaunaCreated on: 15-10-18 09:59 Neologism New words, usually created from other words e.g. hospitalise (from hospital) 1 of 22 Coinage New words from no other source 2 of 22 Borrowings/loan words Words taken from other countries, for reasons like colonisation and trade 3 of 22 Affixation Adding prefixes and suffixes to words e.g. microwave, multimedia, loopy 4 of 22 Compounding Two separate words together e.g. blackbird, laptop 5 of 22 Blending Parts of words join together e.g. smog, motel 6 of 22 Conversion/functional shift Word class change e.g. to bottle, to open 7 of 22 Abbreviation/clipping Shortening of a word, e.g. advert, bus 8 of 22 Back formation Noun shortened to make a verb e.g. editor > edit, donation > donate 9 of 22 Acronyms Word created with initial letters that is said as a whole word e.g. radar, laser 10 of 22 Initialisms Word created with initials but with each initial pronounced separately e.g. BBC, CD, AA 11 of 22 Eponyms Words that come from proper nouns e.g. Sandwich, Freudian 12 of 22 Obsolete words Word no longer used that are not understood e.g. forsooth, enow 13 of 22 Archaic Words no longer used but mostly understood e.g. 14 of 22 Broadening the meaning of a word broadens over time e.g. "dog" now means all dogs 15 of 22 Narrowing The meaning gets more specific e.g. "meat" used to mean any food, but now just means animal flesh 16 of 22 Amelioration Meaning gets more pleasant e.g. "pretty" used to mean "sly" or "cunning" 17 of 22 Perjoration Meaning gets less pleasant over time e.g. "cowboy" now refers to an incompetent tradesman. 18 of 22 Weakening Word loses its force over time e.g. "soon" used to mean "immediately". 19 of 22 Metaphor Words often acquire new meanings e.g. "to shuffle off this mortal coil" means dying 20 of 22 Idiom A phrase or expression with a different meaning than literal. e.g. in the doghouse, under the weather, wake up and smell the roses 21 of 22 Euphemisms A less harsh expression e.g. "kicking the bucket" for dying 22 of 22
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