a more drastic form of back formation - creating new words by extracting an arbitrary portion of a longer word
3 of 40
borrowing
taking words from other languages
4 of 40
affixation
attaching parts of words to others, to form a new one, e.g. microbiology
5 of 40
compunds
words formed when joining together two other words with, or without a hyphen; e.g. laptop, see-through
6 of 40
blends
when parts of words are 'chopped off' and put together to form a new word; e.g. smog, frappe
7 of 40
proprietary names
when a word is coined from a company/inventor's name, e.g. hoover
8 of 40
acronym
a word made up of first letters of a phrase, pronounced as if it were an usual word; e.g. RADAR
9 of 40
initialism
a word made up of the first letters of a phrase, each individually pronounced, e.g. CD
10 of 40
implication
intended message of the text
11 of 40
shared knowledge
allows the use of jargoon lexis, as the audience of a text shares an understanding of the discussed topic
12 of 40
narrowing
meaning of a particular word becomes more specific
13 of 40
broadening
additional, new meanings
14 of 40
amelioration
meaning of a word becomes more positive
15 of 40
pejoration
meaning becomes more negative
16 of 40
metaphorical extension/idiomic usage
a word acquires a new meanings because they have been used metaphorically
17 of 40
euphemism
an inoffensive way of describing something distasteful
18 of 40
cliche
an overused expression or an idea
19 of 40
anthithesis
a figure of speech with sharply contrasting ideas
20 of 40
negation
'not', 'neither', etc.; double negatives weren't considered incorrect back in the day
21 of 40
the subjunctive
expresses unreal conditions (wishes, doubts) but recently declined in usage ('if I were you' becoming 'if I was you')
22 of 40
contractions
increase suggests a more informal, conversational style today and non-contracted forms now suggest a degree of formality/emphasis
23 of 40
pronouns
'thou', 'thee' and 'thine' have generally disappeared from English; in some regional dialects a distinction still exists between singular and plural version of 2nd person pronouns, with the use of 'youse' as plural
24 of 40
inflections
there are still inflections in modern English, but there were many more. Old English was very reliant on them, but most Old English inflections disappeared during the middle ages
25 of 40
fonts
different fonts can be used to portray different tones and meanings
26 of 40
layouts
layouts can make a page busy, easy to follow, formal or informal and often reflect the context in which they are found
27 of 40
colours
different colours connote different moods and feelings
28 of 40
images
photos, graphs and diagrams provide additional information to the written text and also grab the reader's attention
29 of 40
prescriptivism
language should be in order and pure
30 of 40
descriptivism
describes nature of language variations without judgment
31 of 40
conversion
a word changes its word class, e.g. text (noun to verb)
32 of 40
derivational morphology
a creation of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes
33 of 40
neosemy
when words begin to be used in different ways and acquire new meanings
34 of 40
bleaching
meaning of the word becomes less strong over time
35 of 40
informalisation
the way in which language is becoming increasingly formal
36 of 40
obsolete
no longer having any use
37 of 40
standardisation
making all variations of language conform to a set standard
38 of 40
the definite article
the
39 of 40
the indefinite article
a
40 of 40
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the removal of part of the word, e.g. editor/edit
Back
back formation
Card 3
Front
a more drastic form of back formation - creating new words by extracting an arbitrary portion of a longer word
Back
Card 4
Front
taking words from other languages
Back
Card 5
Front
attaching parts of words to others, to form a new one, e.g. microbiology
Comments
No comments have yet been made