-English language embodies sexual/gender inequalities
-Women have negative semantic space, where instead of being called doctors for example, they are referred to as lady doctors as the standard, unmarked term refers to males
-More positive words for male
1 of 8
Peter Trudgill (1983)
-Women use more standard English and desire overt prestige as an attempt to secure their place in society, more conscious of social status
-Men desire covert prestige due to their higher use of non standard forms (ain't, isn't)
2 of 8
Robin Lakoff (1975)
-Women are more polite, they feel obliged to construct language in favour of men, making them powerless and submissive
-Men use more explicates, but Lakoff believes women will start to use them more with the rise of feminism and they are becoming more dom
3 of 8
Jenny Cheshire (1982)
-Investigated adolescents speech, found that boys use more non standard forms than girls
-Higher use of non standard terms (ain't, was, has) to form multiple negations
4 of 8
William Labov
-Women prefer overt prestige, hyper-correctness, standard forms, amongst all classes, ages and social statuses
5 of 8
Zimmerman and West
-Men interrupt more as they seek dominance and power
-Men speak for longer lengths, greater turns of speaking
-90% of conversations include overlapping and interrupting more frequently in male conversations
6 of 8
O'Barr and Atkins
-Agree with Lakoff that there is a difference in speech, but it is based on class and social status, not gender
7 of 8
Muriel Shulz (1975)
-Argue it is not an accident that here is more negative words for females
-It is represents patriarchy
8 of 8
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
-Women use more standard English and desire overt prestige as an attempt to secure their place in society, more conscious of social status
-Men desire covert prestige due to their higher use of non standard forms (ain't, isn't)
Back
Peter Trudgill (1983)
Card 3
Front
-Women are more polite, they feel obliged to construct language in favour of men, making them powerless and submissive
-Men use more explicates, but Lakoff believes women will start to use them more with the rise of feminism and they are becoming more dom
Back
Card 4
Front
-Investigated adolescents speech, found that boys use more non standard forms than girls
-Higher use of non standard terms (ain't, was, has) to form multiple negations
Back
Card 5
Front
-Women prefer overt prestige, hyper-correctness, standard forms, amongst all classes, ages and social statuses
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