What did Robin Lakoff's study on women's talk show?
They use hedging 'kind of', 'sort of, they use empty adjectives such as 'divine', 'lovely', hyper-correct grammar and pronunciation, use polite forms 'do you mind?' 'would you mind?' and speak less often than men
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What theories challenge Lakoff's?
William O'barr and Bowman Atkins
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What did O'barr and Atkin's study find?
They carried out a study in a court room studying women's language, and found that women's language depended on power and authoritative situations and women were more powerful in this context
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What is the dominance theory?
This theory suggests that men are more likely to interrupt in mixed conversations
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Dominance theorists?
Zimmerman and West
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What did Zimmerman and West do?
They took a study in a campus of a univerisity between mixed genders, finding that men interrupted 46 times with women interrupting only twice, supporting the domianane theory
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What was the problem with their study?
One person could be overpowering and responsible for all interruptions, someone could be overpowering to the group
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What did Deborah Tannen state?
Conflict vs Compromise, Status vs Support, Advice vs Understanding, Orders vs Proposals, Information vs Feelings
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What does she say about men's talk?
They want to find a solution other than give empathy, and men focus on independence rather than intimacy
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What does she say are the differences between men and women's talk?
Women: talk too much, overlap, speak symmetrically, speak in private contexts. Men: get more air time, speak in public, speak one at a time, speak asymmetrically
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What did Peter Trudgill do?
He found that phonetically women are more likely to pronounce word properly instead of dropping letters such as 'n'
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