Language

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  • Created by: Gracia
  • Created on: 10-01-18 18:31
What is a Mental Lexicon?
A mental dictionary that contains information regarding words, meaning, pronounciation etc. It deals with how those words are stored activated, processed and retrieved by each speaker. An individual's ML changes and grows as new words are learned.
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What is the first stage of Speech Production?
The Morphonological tier - sets out how phonemes are grouped together to form words and morphemes
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what is the second stage of Speech Production?
Syllabic Structure - captures how spoken words can be decomposed into syllabes
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What is the third stage of Speech Production?
The Prosodic Structure - specifies how words are grouped into spoken phrases and how within phrases innotation and stress are assigned
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What does the Tip of the tongue mean? (TOT)
Something at the edge at your memory but you cannot produce it, the word is in your mental lexicon but cannot produce it. Semantic and Phonological information must be retrieved from the lexicon separetely.
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what did Harley (2013) say about TOT
Semantic processing is successful but phonological processing is unsuccessful
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What does Dell's 1986 model describe on speech production?
There are 3 separate stages: conceptual level (semantic features of words): The word level (physical features of words): sound level (stored sounds of phonological segments)
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what does Dell claim about semantic and phonological level
Words can share features on a semantic or phonological level such cat and dog, information passes across the nodies via a process of spreading activation
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what does spreading activation mean?
it is a search method that allows information to be organised and to pass from one organised node to another
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what happens when words are activated in the mental lexicon according to Dell?
Words can share common nodes i.e similar meaning or sounds, leading to selection of incorrect words based on cross-activation of common nodes e.g cat and dog
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what is a number agreement error?
problems with collective nouns that are singular but resemble plural nouns. Mcdonald (2008) - when particpants have imposed loads they make more number agreement errors
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what is a semantic error?
(substitution error) - when speakers plan the grammatical structure of their next utterance before finding the prescise words to insert onto that structure
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Spoonerism
When corresponding morphomes or vowels are switched between two words in a phrase e.g "you have hissed lecture"
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Freudian Slip
Unintentional error regarded as revealing subconscious feelings
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What is the Garden-Path Model by Frazier?
It is a serial parsing model that states that a single parse is construced by a syntactic module. Contextual and semantic factors influnce processing at a later stage and induce re-analysis of the syntactic parse which leads to the slowing of reading
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what is late closure by Frazier?
it dictates that the current clause being processed is kept 'open' as long as possible. e.g john said he he would leave yesterday would be parsed as 'he would leave yesterday'
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what is minimal attachment by Frazier?
It is when the parser uses the simplest syntactic structure with the fewest nodes
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Define Atlmann & Kamide (1999)
Participants were presented with a visual scene of a boy sat on a floor with a toy train, car, ball and cake. Ps eithier heard the verb "the boy will MOVE the cake, or the boy will EAT the cake" during the verb eat more eyes looked at the cake
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what does Altmann & Kamide's study suggest?
Semantic information in the verb is used to anticipate the next arguement in the sentence. Lexical constraints are used during sentence processing even before a word is encountered
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what is the biological explanation of dyslexia?
Genetics from parents can be passed down to children. Dyslexic's brains are functioned differently, they have a small gray matter in the left part of the brain, this causes the problems with the sound structure of language. Left hemisphere is large
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what is the cognitive explantion of dylexia? Phonological Deficit Hypothesis
They have impairments with phonological processing which impacts reading and spelling
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Describe Snowling et al (1886) - JM Case Study
Had deficits in phonological skills, severe impairment of output phonology, difficulity in repeating words and systematic mispronunciations in his spontaneous speech. had impaired verbal STM skills, reading spelling problems
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the first stage of Speech Production?

Back

The Morphonological tier - sets out how phonemes are grouped together to form words and morphemes

Card 3

Front

what is the second stage of Speech Production?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the third stage of Speech Production?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the Tip of the tongue mean? (TOT)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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