Language

?
  • Created by: faezah...
  • Created on: 21-11-16 13:43
Adjective
Word used to decribe/modify nouns e.g. lovely, large, fearsome
1 of 130
Adverb
Word used to describe/ modify verbs e.g. quickly, sweetly
2 of 130
Antoganist
Character opposing the protagonist, often called the villain
3 of 130
Anticlimax
Where the audience belive something will occur; unsatisfying resoluton
4 of 130
Chronology
Arrangment of events in order they occur in time. a writer may imploy a non-linear chronology which plays with the times of events
5 of 130
Cliche
Obvious, over-repeated expression e.g its raing cats and dogs
6 of 130
Climax
Final or climatic point of a work of fiction, usually preceded by exposition, inciting incident, complication and rising action
7 of 130
Colloquialism
Informal words or phrases, sometimes from regional dialect, e.g. ain't, nowt
8 of 130
Complication
Structual ingredient in a work of fiction to create dramatic intrigue, usually follows an inciting incident
9 of 130
Direct speech
Represtation of fictional speech using quotation marks and reporting clauses, e.g. ''I'm cold'', he said.
10 of 130
Dramatic irony
When audience or reader know something a character does not. an exampl of this is spectantors shouting ''he's behind you'' at pantos
11 of 130
Elliptical
Describes dialogue which is extremely consise and omits certain elements usually present in speech
12 of 130
Euphemism
Indirect way of expressing something, usually done to avoid embarrassment or when discussing somthing taboo/sensitive e.g 'passed away' instead of 'died'
13 of 130
First person
Narrative voice using 'I' instead of 'he/she'
14 of 130
Foreshadowing
Literary technique in which writes hint towards events yet to occur in the narrative, often through sybolism or imagery
15 of 130
Free direct speech
Representation of fictional speech using quotation marks but no reportiing clauses
16 of 130
Free indirect speech
Representation of fictional indirect speech using neither quotation marks nor reporting clauses
17 of 130
Genre
Catergory or type of work of fiction catergorised by the plot, character, settings, tone e.g. thriller, romance
18 of 130
Idiom
A phrase or expression not intended literally, e.g. 'it's a piece of cake'
19 of 130
Imagery
Descriptive language to evoke a scene or emotion, usually a metaphor or simile
20 of 130
Imperative
Mood used to instruct/command somebody, e.g. 'Stop!'
21 of 130
Indirect speech
Representation of fictional speech with reporting clauses but without quotation marks
22 of 130
Intertextual reference
When a writer refers to another work of fiction in their text, often to draw parallels or contrasts to their own text
23 of 130
Journalistic style
Type of writing you would expect to see in a newpaper or magasine, reconisable for its distinctive style of nomination which gives the age and profession of the person being described
24 of 130
Juxtaposition
Positioning two, often different things (themes, settings, characters) next to one another to emphasis the contrast between them
25 of 130
Lexis
Specific words/ diction chosen by a writer
26 of 130
Literary archetype
Original model of a charcter wh provides inspiration for other 'copies' in later works
27 of 130
Metaphor
Figure of speech in whihc one thing is used to decribe another, e.g. 'her face was a picture'
28 of 130
Monosyllabic
Word/utterance of a single sylable, e.g. no, yes
29 of 130
Motif
Repeated theme/ image occuring throughout a work of fiction
30 of 130
Nomination
Word used to refer to someone, e.g. mum, sis, Susie
31 of 130
Omniscient character
Usually an anonymous third person perspective in which the narrative voice has access to all thouhgts, events and places in the work of fiction rather than being restricted to first person perspective
32 of 130
Phonetically
A word written as it sounds e.g. doortah for daughter
33 of 130
Plosive
A consonant sound made by stopping the flow of air then releasing it , as in, tea, be
34 of 130
Pronoun
Word class used in place of a oun or a noun phrase, e.g. i, she, him, they
35 of 130
Protagonist
Main character of a work of fiction, usually opposd by a protagonist
36 of 130
Register
Variety of language used for a particular purpose or in specific setting, often profesional, e.g. a typical legal register includes; victim, crime, evidence etc.
37 of 130
Reporting clause
Part of speech reporting who said what, e.g. he said, she said
38 of 130
Resolution
The solution usually given at the end of a work of fiction in which loose ends are tied up
39 of 130
Semantic field
Group of words connected by thier simular meaning, e.g. semantic field of medicine includes; cure, treatment, infection etc.
40 of 130
Simile
Comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as', e.g. 'it's hot as an oven'
41 of 130
Symbolism
Use of an object to serve as a visual representation of something abstract, e.g. the snbow globe symbolising Susie's imprisonment in the inbetween
42 of 130
Syntax
Order of words in a sentence/ line of poetry
43 of 130
Term of adress
Word used to refer to someone, e.g. mum, sis, Susie
44 of 130
Theme
Idea/ concept repeated in a work of fiction
45 of 130
Utterance
Unit of speech, often one word, not a complete sentence, e.g. 'yeah'
46 of 130
Verb
Word class denoting an action, occurrence or state of existance, e.g. going, eating
47 of 130
Vocative tag
Speech Phrase ending with a term of adress, e.g. 'are you ready kid?' or 'Iim off mum
48 of 130
Alliteration
The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables.
49 of 130
Allegory
An extended metaphor that runs throughout a text.
50 of 130
Allusion
An indirect or passing reference to some event, person, place, or artistic work, the nature and relevance of which is not explained by the writer but relies on the reader's familiarity with what is mentioned.
51 of 130
Anaphora
The repetition of the same word at the start of consecutive clauses or sentences.
52 of 130
Anthropomorphism
The attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
53 of 130
Aposiopesis
A sudden breaking off of a thought in the middle of a sentence, as though the speaker were unwilling or unable to continue.
54 of 130
Archaism
The use of an archaic or obsolete word, phrase, idiom, or other expression.
55 of 130
Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of neighbouring words.
56 of 130
Asyndeton
A form of verbal compression which consists of the omission of connecting words (usually conjunctions) between clauses.
57 of 130
Cacophony
The use of harsh or discordant sounds in literary composition.
58 of 130
Caesura
A pause in a line of verse, often coinciding with a break between clauses or sentences. It is usually placed in the middle of the line (‘medial caesura’).
59 of 130
Chiasmus
A figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second. This may involve a repetition of the same words (‘Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure’).
60 of 130
Consonance
The repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in the same or neighbouring words whose vowel sounds are different.
61 of 130
Ellipsis
The omission from a sentence of a word or words that would be required for complete clarity but which can usually be understood from the context.
62 of 130
Enjambment
The running over of the sense and grammatical structure from one verse line or couplet to the next without a punctuated pause
63 of 130
Hyperbole
Over exaggeration for emphasis and/or effect
64 of 130
Irony
A subtle inconsistency, in which an apparently straightforward statement or event is undermined by its context so as to give it a very different significance.
65 of 130
Litotes
A type of understatement: common examples are 'no mean feat' and 'I'm not averse to a drink'. In other words, you say the opposite of what you mean: 'it's not huge' (meaning 'it's absolutely tiny')
66 of 130
Metonymy
A figure of speech that replaces the name of one thing with the name of something else closely associated with it, e.g. ‘the bottle’ for alcohol or ‘the press’ for journalism.
67 of 130
Onomatopoeia
The use of a word that imitates the sound it refers to.
68 of 130
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that combines two usually contradictory terms in a compressed paradox, as in the word ‘bittersweet’ or the phrase ‘living death’.
69 of 130
Paradox
An assertion that seems to be wrong, but also has an element of truth.
70 of 130
Pathetic Fallacy
The poetic convention whereby natural phenomena which cannot feel as humans do are described as if they could: rain‐clouds may ‘weep’, or flowers may be ‘joyful’ in sympathy with the poet's mood.
71 of 130
Persona
An identity assumed by a writer in a literary work.
72 of 130
Personification
A figure of speech by which animals, abstract ideas, or inanimate things are referred to as if they were human.
73 of 130
Pleonasm
The use of unnecessary words to enrich an idea or thought. ‘No one, rich or poor, will be left out.’
74 of 130
Polysyndeton
The repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect, as in the phrase ‘here and there and everywhere’.
75 of 130
Sibilance
The marked recurrence of the ‘hissing’ sounds known as sibilants ( s, sh, zh, c).
76 of 130
Synecdoche
A common figure of speech by which something is referred to indirectly, either by naming only some part or constituent of it (e.g. ‘hands’ for manual labourers) or—less often—by naming some more comprehensive entity of which it is a part (e.g. ‘the l
77 of 130
Synaesthesia
A blending or confusion of different kinds of sense‐impression, in which one type of sensation is referred to in terms more appropriate to another. Common synaesthetic expressions include the descriptions of colours as ‘loud’ or ‘warm’, and of sounds
78 of 130
Tautology
The unnecessary and excessive repetition of the same idea in different words in the same sentence, as ‘The room was completely dark and had no illumination’.
79 of 130
Tricolon
A sentence with three clearly defined parts of similar length, usually independent clauses and of increasing power: ‘I came; I saw; I conquered.’
80 of 130
Zeugma
A figure of speech by which one word refers to two others in the same sentence. Literally a ‘yoking’: ‘He took my hand, and my heart.’
81 of 130
Accommodation:
The ways that individuals adjust their speech patterns to match others.
82 of 130
Accent
A regional variety of speech that differs from other regional varieties in terms of pronunciation.
83 of 130
Syllable
A sound unit with a vowel at its centre
84 of 130
Sound iconicity:
The use of the sound system to mirror form or meaning.
85 of 130
Synonyms
Words that have equivalent meanings.
86 of 130
Figurative language
Language used in a non-literal way in order to describe something in another’s terms (e.g. simile or metaphor).
87 of 130
Denotative and connotational
The literal (denotative) and associated (connotational) meanings of words.
88 of 130
Antonyms: words that have contrasting meanings.
Words that have contrasting meanings.
89 of 130
Hypernyms
Words whose meanings contain other words, (eg animal contains dog, cat and fish).
90 of 130
Hyponyms
Words that can be included in a larger, more general category (eg the hyponyms car, bus, aeroplane as a form of the hypernym transport).
91 of 130
Sociolect
A language style associated with a particular social group.
92 of 130
Dialect
A language style associated with a particular geographical region
93 of 130
Anecdotes
Short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point
94 of 130
Anthropomorphic imagery
The attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
95 of 130
Archaic language
The use of an archaic or obsolete word, phrase, idiom, or other expression.
96 of 130
Bathos
An effect of anti-climax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial or ridiculous.
97 of 130
Binary opposites/antithesis
A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else
98 of 130
Capitalisation
The action of writing or printing in capital letters or with an initial capital.
99 of 130
Conjunction
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).
100 of 130
Declaratives
A statement in the form of a declaration.
101 of 130
Didactic language
Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.
102 of 130
Discourse makers
To show the listener how to interpret what the speaker is saying (so they don't affect the literal meaning of what is being said, e.g. well, oh, like, of course
103 of 130
Epanalepsis
The Epanalepsis is a figure of speech defined by the repetition of the initial word (or words) of a clause or sentence at the end of that same clause or sentence.
104 of 130
Exclamation
A sudden cry or remark expressing surprise, strong emotion, or pain.
105 of 130
Idiolect
The speech habits peculiar to a particular person.
106 of 130
Meiosis
Is a euphemistic figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is
107 of 130
Parenthesis
A word or phrase inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage which is grammatically complete without it, in writing usually marked off by brackets,
108 of 130
Pathos
A quality that evokes pity or sadness.
109 of 130
Phatic language
Popularly known as small talk: the non-referentiality use of language
110 of 130
Profanity
Blasphemous or obscene language.
111 of 130
Subordinate clause
A clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause (e.g. ‘when it rang’ in ‘she answered the phone when it rang’).
112 of 130
Subtext
An underlying and often distinct theme in a piece of writing or conversation.
113 of 130
Superlative
of an adjective or adverb) expressing the highest or a very high degree of a quality (e.g. bravest, most fiercely ).
114 of 130
Transactional language
Language which is used to make a transaction and which has a result.
115 of 130
Triplet
Power of three is a writing principle that suggests that things that come in threes are funnier, more satisfying, or more effective than other numbers of things
116 of 130
Emotive language
Using words that make people feel sad, angry, upset, sympathetic or guilty.
117 of 130
Backchannels
Back-channelling is a way of showing a speaker that you are following what they are saying e.g. I see, yes, OK and hmm.
118 of 130
Clause combining
When they are speaking spontaneously people do not usually have time to combine their clauses , used to suggests that what follows is the result of what has just been said, and but suggests a contrast e.g. however, therefore or since
119 of 130
Hedges
intentional vagueness to what someone is saying e.g. That’s a bit odd, I’m not sure
120 of 130
Intensifiers
These are words like very or really that occur before an adjective or an adverb and boost the strength of its meaning Young people often choose intensifiers that are different from those used by older generations, e.g. (very fast, really delicious,
121 of 130
Slang
vocabulary typically used by a particular social group, e.g. init, yeah mate
122 of 130
Vague Language
Words and phrases that isn’t very exact or precise. You might want to use these phrases if you aren't sure of all the details of something, e.g. stuff, like
123 of 130
Asymmetrical relationship
one person is in a more powerful social or professional position than the other
124 of 130
Hesitations
the length of a pause is indicated in brackets [.] is simply a breath.), like i umm...... think think
125 of 130
Elision
Informally we may leave out letters or syllables from words, e.g. ganna, wanna
126 of 130
Low tellibility
The characteristic of a narrative that presents uninteresting material in an uninspiring way
127 of 130
High tellibility
The characteristic of a narrative that presents interesting material in engaging way
128 of 130
Tellibilty
Features of a story that make it worth telling to an audience
129 of 130
Central events
main events that are crucial to the overall story
130 of 130

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Adverb

Back

Word used to describe/ modify verbs e.g. quickly, sweetly

Card 3

Front

Antoganist

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Anticlimax

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Chronology

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar English Language & Literature resources:

See all English Language & Literature resources »See all Exam resources »