Laney et al

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What was the aim of the study?
To assess if if giving false feedback that a participant enjoyed asparagus as a child would generate a false memory regarding liking asparagus and if it would lead to a positive outlook toward's asparagus.
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What was the independent variable?
The independent variable was whether the participant received a false feedback of liking asparagus
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What is the dependent variable?
The dependent variable would be whether a false memory would be formed and lead to a greater liking towards asparagus.
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What is the research design of the experiment
an independent group design since participants performed in either the control or love asparagus condition.
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Describe the sample for the first experiment
128 undergraduate students from the university of California who received course credit. 99 Females and 29 males.Mean age of 20.8 yeards. The love condition had 63 participants while the control condition had 65 participants.
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Describe the FHI (food history inventory)
Participants were asked to reflect over their food preferences over the past. Containing the critical item ''you loved asparagus the first time you tried it''.(in the 16th position) .There were 24 separate options.
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How were the items rated on the FHI
Items were rated from a scale of 1-8 (definitely did not happen to definitely did happen) before the age of 10.
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Describe the restaurant questionnaire
Participants were asked to reflect over their willingness to order each item and imagine that they were out for a dinner. The RQ looked like a menu.
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Describe the contents of the RQ
The restaurant questionnaire contained 32 separate dishes including the critical item sauteed asparagus spears. The menu had five options soups and salads, appetizers, entrees and deserts. Rated from 1 to 8 (definitely yes and definitely no)
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Name the filer questionnaires
The filer questionnaires hid the true aim of the study and included the social desirability scale, the personality measure
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what options did the computer report contain?
You disliked spinach, you enjoyed fried food and you felt happy when someone brought a sweet to school. You loved to eat cooked asparagus. (3rd position)
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How were the participants able to process the information
Partipants were asked to answer open questions including where were you, who was with you and how did the particular experience effect you as an adult? from 1 not at all to 9- very much
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Why was asparagus choosen as a food?
Not a food that most children immediately like or adults assume they liked it as children. They should enter having a vague idea regarding the food so that the false memory would increase their confidence.
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What was the food preference questionnaire
The food preference questionnaire post manipulation asked participants if they would like to try a particular food out of 62 dishes they had to rate it on a scale of one to 8 (definitely dont like to eat definitely like to eat)
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What was the food cost questionnaire
The food cost questionnaire asked participants to describe how much they were willing to pay for each item which contained the critical item one pound of asparagus in 21 items. The prices ranged from $1.90 to 5.70. There was a would never buy it opt
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What was the belief and memory questionnaire
Participants were asked to take each item from the FHI and tell if they had a specific memory of the event or a belief or were positive that the event had not happened.They had to give details about their answers.
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What are memories?
When the recall of an event is specified into units and detailed and is usually associated with a time and place.
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What are beliefs
Beliefs are rather vague ideas regarding an event which are not tied to a time and place and not sufficientlydetailed.
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Which ethical guideline was taken care of
Debriefing
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Name the sampling technique
opportunity sampling
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How many participants were excluded from the first experiment
31 subjects were excluded (17 love and 14 controls) since they were sure they loved asparagus before the manipulation (rating of the critical item was more than 5)
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Describe the changing in ratings
The love conditions ratings changed for a 2.6 points and for the control group ratings changed a 0.2
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Describe findings regarding memories and beliefs
In the love condition, 10 had memories. 16 had beliefs and 6 denied that anything of that sort had happened
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Describe memory belief findings in the control condition
Just 6 reported a memory, 14 a belief and 31 not occured
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Who were considered the believers
An increase in the rating of the critical item in the FHI. A memory or belief after manipulation in the memory and belief questionnaire 48% believers in love condition, just two females
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Foot costs
None of the believers said they wouldnt buy asparagus but 14 in the control condition did.
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What was was the first aim of experiment 2
To replicate and extend the results of the first experiment
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What was the second aim
To see what the underlying cognitive mechanisms were that encouraged a positive outlook towards asparagus after a false memory was implanted
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Describe the subjects for experiment 2
They were 103 students undergraduating at the University of washington at a mean age of 19.9 62 females (love 58) control (45)
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Which questionnaires were solved by the second participants
FHI, RQ and FPQ and filler questionnaires.
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What were the participants asked to recall when the false profile was produced
To describe the location, what exactly happened and age. What is your most important food related childhood memory.
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How were the subjects tested on slides
Participants were shown 20 slides of common foods including asparagus and were asked to rate each picture on how appetizing and disguising it looked and to state if the pic was taken by a novice, amateur or professional photographer
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How many participants were excluded
30 participants were excluded 18 love and 12 controls.
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Memory and belief findings
In the love conditon, 11 reported beliefs and memories while 18 not been the case
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memory and belief findings in the control
Just 2 reported memories and 12 beliefs male and females were equally likely to form false beliefs.
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What were the cognitive mechanisms underlying appetizing sights
The mere sight of asparagus appears appetizing (controls rated appetizing 4 and love rated 5.1)
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Ideas regarding association
Association such as yuck and yum is not enough for liking or disliking a food if that were enough all participants would show the same results on the photograph measure after manipulation.
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How were demand characters present
Participants tell us they want to eat asparagus because they were they liked it when they were young.
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What attempts were made to reduce demand characters
told the aim, food preferences and personality, filler questions, asparagus was never presented alone
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What did the social desiribility scale show about false memories
False memories are not simulated memories they are embedded into the brain
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Lackings
Does not show that how long the false belief lasts, if it changes eating habits since it was a paper pencil task and the experimenter was relying on the participants own wordings of eating habits
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Card 2

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What was the independent variable?

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The independent variable was whether the participant received a false feedback of liking asparagus

Card 3

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What is the dependent variable?

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Card 4

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What is the research design of the experiment

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Card 5

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Describe the sample for the first experiment

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