innervates smooth and cardiac muscle - involuntary movements . also glandular secretions
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Motor areas in the frontal lobe (2)
1. motor association area 2. Primary motor area
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Motor association area
creates plan, sequence of muscle events, then relays this plan to the primary MA
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Primary MA
this is the precentral gyrus - sends the programe along relevant path --> reach approp muscles
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Motor Humunoculus
Like the map of sensory cortex, except muscles and motor units
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The greater control of a limb
the more area of the motor humunoculus allocated
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SOME neurones from the primary motor area synapse in the SC and travel down the
corticospinal tract
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where do most of these fibres in the tract cross
Medulla ob
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Where do the rest cross
innervated msucle
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which side of the brain controls which motor areas
left side of brain controls movement of skeletal muscle on right side of body and vice versa
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other neurones synapse in the
lower brain and descend down 2 tracts - Resticulorspinal tract and Vestibularspinal tract
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Reticularspinal tract
originates from reticular formation
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2 tracts cross over in the
THEY DO NOT CROSS OVER
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what are theses tracts thought to be involved in
balance and posture
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cerebellum
not to be confused with cerebrum - located at top of brainstem and beneath o lobes at base of skull
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Cerebellum receives info from
primary motor area, skeletal muscle and ear (balance)
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Basal ganglia function
movement and fluidity of movement
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2 types of proprioceptors
muscle spindles, GTO
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Muscle spindles
intrafusal fibres parallel to extrafusal. stretch receptors , stretch reflex- result in contraction of the stimulated muscle . detect changes in muscle length
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GTO
detect changes in muscle tension, due to stretch or shortening/contracting. Reflec which causes relaxation of both agonist and antagonist muscle - prevent damage due to over stretching
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