1) Lack of co-stimulation. 2) Loss of adhesion molecules. 3) Antigenic modulation. 4) Endocytosis of antigen and Ab. 5) Immune-priveliged site. 6) Secretion of immunosuppressive factors. 7) Upregulation of Tregs and MSCs. 8) Loss of MHC
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How do they avoid co-stimulation?
Lose B7 - CD28 T cell is not primed when TCR recognises MHC
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Examples of adhesion molecules lost
ICAM1, LFA-3
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How do they achieve immune privelige
Physical deposition by collagen. ALSO, downregulate Fas to avoid FasL CD8 TCell killing. AND, upregulates FasL to induce apoptosis in Fas expressing T cells - 'COUNTERATTACK'
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What does loss of MHC do?
Avoids T Cell recognition, but can be vulnerable to NK Cell recognition
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What immunosuppressive factors do they secrete?
TGF-beta, Prostaglandin E2
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List of standard tumour therapies
Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy
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Problem with radiotherapy?
Might cause DNA mutations and cause cancer in the future
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List of immunotherapy of cancers:
Ab therapies: 1) Naked Abs. 2) BiTEs. 3) Immunoconjugates/toxins. 4) CARs. Other therapies: 1) Passive/active DC immunotherapy. 2) TILs. 3) In-vivo cytokine therapy. 4) Immune checkpoint inhibition
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do they avoid co-stimulation?
Back
Lose B7 - CD28 T cell is not primed when TCR recognises MHC
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