(L1) Introduction: Control of cellular functions

?
Anabolism
Synthesis of new products
1 of 17
Catabolism
Breakdown of products
2 of 17
Which process requires energy?
Anabolism (in the form of ATP)
3 of 17
What are the sources of ATP?
Catabolism and photosynthesis
4 of 17
Control is brought about by changing what?
Enzyme catalytic activity and enzyme concentration
5 of 17
Control of catalytic activity can be brought about by what?
Molecules that bind non-covalently to an enzyme and covalent modification of an enzyme
6 of 17
Control of concentration involves changes in what?
Protein biosynthesis (make less enzymes) and protein breakdown (break down more enzymes)
7 of 17
What is the most important type of covalent modification of enzymes?
Phosphorylation- the addition of a phosphate group
8 of 17
What does phosphorylation do to an enzyme?
Makes it more negative as the P has a negative charge, the change in charge alters the amino acid interactions so changes the structure and changes the activity
9 of 17
What is the enzyme that adds the phosphate group called?
Kinase
10 of 17
What is the name of the enzyme that adds a phosphate to a protein?
Protein kinase
11 of 17
What is the name of the enzyme that removes the phosphate group from an enzyme?
Protein phosphatase (reaction: hydrolysis)
12 of 17
Where does phosphorylation mainly occur?
On amino acids with hydroxyl groups
13 of 17
Which amino acids have a hydroxyl group?
Serine, threonine and tyrosine
14 of 17
What is a hydroxyl group?
An -OH group on the amino acid, this is polar
15 of 17
Does phosphorylation activate or inactivate enzymes?
Can do either depending on the enzyme and the site of phosphorylation
16 of 17
What does differentiation involve?
Changes in catalytic activities and concentrations of enzymes
17 of 17

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Catabolism

Back

Breakdown of products

Card 3

Front

Which process requires energy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the sources of ATP?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Control is brought about by changing what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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CMP2222

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on slide 9 is the P the phosphate?

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