Kant uses the word 'postulate' to mean something which is thought of and put forward (postulated) as a way of solving a problem.
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Autonomy
A person who is able to exercise free will to make decisions. Literally means 'self-governing'. If you are autonomous you are able to use reason to make your own free choices.
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Summum bonum
Literally means the highest good. For Kant it is the final goal or aim of all moral actions. It is the act of both doing your moral duty and willing that your duty is rewarded with a state of happiness and fulfilment.
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Id
Freud's name for the part of the mind in which human instincts such as desire and appetite are based.
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Superego
The name in Freud's model for the part of the ego with which humans reason and make decisions. Freud emphasised the way in which parental influence and values mould the superego and leave their mark on it.
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Ego
Freud's name for the part of the mind which is shaped by 'external influences' such as traumas, berevements, education and upbringing.
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Neurosis
The symptoms of mental illness caused by a repressed traumatic experience resurfacing in the conscious mind in a different way.
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Oedipus complex
Freud's belief that young boys are sexually attracted to their mothers and resent their fathers' presence. As the boy develops, these feelings are repressed and disappear out of fear that the father will take revenge on the son.
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Moral argument
The fact that there are moral laws proves the existence of a God that made those laws.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A person who is able to exercise free will to make decisions. Literally means 'self-governing'. If you are autonomous you are able to use reason to make your own free choices.
Back
Autonomy
Card 3
Front
Literally means the highest good. For Kant it is the final goal or aim of all moral actions. It is the act of both doing your moral duty and willing that your duty is rewarded with a state of happiness and fulfilment.
Back
Card 4
Front
Freud's name for the part of the mind in which human instincts such as desire and appetite are based.
Back
Card 5
Front
The name in Freud's model for the part of the ego with which humans reason and make decisions. Freud emphasised the way in which parental influence and values mould the superego and leave their mark on it.
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