Korean War

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Who was Korea coveted by in the 19th century?
Japan and Russia
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When was Korea annexed by Japan and how long did this last?
1944 and it lasted until 1945
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When did the US begin to gain interest in Korea?
1945
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What did the US propose about Korea?
That the US and USSR occupy half of Korea each
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What happened when the USSR reached the parallel before the US?
They kept to the agreement and didn't overstep boundaries
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Where was Korea split at?
The 38th parallel
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What did both superpowers use to help them govern Korea?
The hatred of the Japenese
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When did the US refer the Korean issue to the UN?
1948
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What did the Soviets propose to the UN and how did the US react?
They proposed free elections in the North and South, but the US vetoed it as they'd lose an election to the communists
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What did the US leave the ROK after their withdrawal?
Minimal weapons out of fear of aggression
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What did the USSR leave the DPRK after their withdrawal?
Heavy weaponry
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What did the NSC Document do?
It hardened the US's stance against Communist aggresion
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What was problematic about the NSC Document?
It was classified, so the USSR knew very little about it
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Why were the US's forces still weak in Korea before the start of the Korean War?
They had 15% of their tanks, short 60% of their manpower and 80% of the army's 60 day reserve was unusable
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When did the DPRK invade the ROK?
1950 as the US was occupied with Europe
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How many phases were there of the Korean War?
There were 4 phases
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Why did the North have significant initial success?
They were heavily armed compared to the south, for example they had 200 fighter aircraft and ground bombers, the south had no tanks
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By when had MacArthur pushed the North back to the 38th parallel?
Autumn 1950
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What were there fears of regarding MacArthur's success?
If he crossed the 38th parallel there could be Soviet intervention
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When was MacArthur allowed to cross the border?
just before the Inchon Landings and he was authorised by the JCS, but they couldn't approach the Chinese and Soviet borders
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What was the problem with MacArthur?
He was an ego-maniac, he welcomed war with China, wanted a second invasion of North Korea and wanted to use nuclear weapons as soon as possible
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How did MacArthur view government directives?
As advice rather than orders
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What was Truman forced to do with MacArthur?
Publicly dismiss him
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How far back had the North been pushed by the end of 1950?
Nearly to the Chinese and Soviet borders
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What did British Intelligence warn the US about
Chinese intervention if the US came within 50km of their borders and them acting independently of the USSR
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When did the South cross the 38th parallel?
October 9th 1950
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What did the US do regarding British Intelligence?
they dismissed it as they were confident that a Communist movement would come from Moscow
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What did British Intelligence propose?
A buffer zone south of the Yalu River
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How did MacArthur react to the Brits proposed buffer zone?
He moved up to the Chinese border
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What happened when the Chinese intervened?
They drove the US led forces behind the 38th parallel
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What did UN counter-attacks achieve?
The Chinese and North were driven back to the 38th parallel
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When was the armistice signed?
July 27th 1953
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How many Chinese and Koreans were there estimated to be killed during the conflict?
1.5 million
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How many US soldiers served in Korea?
1.319 million
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How many US soldiers were there wounded and killed in Korea?
105,785 wounded, 33,629 killed
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Who else fought on the side of the South in the Korean War?
The UN
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Why is Korea unique to the UN?
It is the only war they fought in during the Cold War
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Because of the uniqueness of Korea, who is the UN technically at war with?
North Korea, because an armistice isn't a peace treaty
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Why did the DPRK think the US wouldn't get involved with a North invasion of the South?
The US didn't mention they would protect the ROK in a televised broadast
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In 1950, what percentage of US citizens supported Truman's decision to send troops to Korea?
78% supported the war
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By the end of the Korean War, what percentage of Americans thought the war was a mistake?
36%
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Why did the support for the Korean War fluctuate?
The trends seem to follow American success, when the Chinese intervened and pushed the US back, 42% thought it was a mistake
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When was Korea annexed by Japan and how long did this last?

Back

1944 and it lasted until 1945

Card 3

Front

When did the US begin to gain interest in Korea?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the US propose about Korea?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happened when the USSR reached the parallel before the US?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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