To find evidence to support his theory of moral development
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What are the 3 levels of moral development?
Pre-conventional, Conventional and Post-conventional
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What is the first stage?
Punishment and obedience orientation-rules are kept to avoid punishment
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What is the second stage?
Instrumental-relativist orientation- 'Right' behaviour is that which ultimately brings rewards to oneself
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What is the third stage?
Good boy- good girl orientation- 'Good' behaviour is what pleases others/conformity to goodness
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What is the fourth stage?
Law and order orientation- Doing one's duty,obeying laws is important
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What is the fifth stage?
Social contract orientation- 'Right' is what is democratically agreed upon
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What is the sixth stage?
Universal principles orientation- Moral action is taken based upon self-chosen principles
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What was the type of study?
Longitudinal study over 12 years and also had a cross-cultural element
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What was the sample?
75 American boys aged 10-16 who were followed a 3 year intervals through to ages 22-28
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What other cultures did he study the moral development in boys?
Great Britain, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico and Turkey
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What was the procedure?
Ppts were presented with hypothetical moral dilemmas in the form of short stories to solve and these were used to determine each ppts stage of moral reasoning for each of 25 moral concepts/aspects
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How was the value of human life tested?
10: Better to save one important person or lots of unimportant people. 13,16,20,24: Should a doctor 'mercy kill' a fatally ill woman requesting death due to pain
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How were the young boys (10-13) tested in the other cultures?
Man's wife is starving to death but store owner won't give any food unless he pays which he can't. Should he break in and steal food? Why?
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What was found about the participant's thinking?
50% of their thinking was at a single stage regardless of the moral dilemma involved
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What was found in terms of progress through the stages?
Participants showed progress through the stages with increased age but not all ppts progressed through all the stages within the period of the study
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What was found in terms of the way that they progressed through the stages?
They all progressed through the stages one at a time and always in the same order. Once they had reached a stage they either stayed there or progressed (never regressed)
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What was found in terms of the influence of children at different stages?
A child at an earlier stage tends to move forward when confronted with the views of a child one stage ahead and they seem to prefer the next stage
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What was culturally found in terms of the stages of moral development?
The stages of moral development stay the same regardless of culture however the speed of progression and the final stage reached does differ
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What was found with the boys in Mexico and Taiwan compared to the USA?
Slightly slower development and at the age of 16, stage 5 thinking was much more salient in the USA
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What trend was found in terms of social class?
Middle-class children were found to be more advanced in moral judgment than matched lower-class children
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Was there a difference found between different religions?
Not between Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Buddhist, Muslims or Atheists
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