1. structure of the molecule 2. biological activity of the molecule
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example which proves that func group effects activity
resistant bacteria can hydrolyse penicillin - no active form
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How can we work out the valency of an atom
the number of electrons left to fill the outermost orbital
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covalent bond definition
2 atoms approaching each other and a single occupied orbital of one atom OVERLAPS with a single occupied orbital of another atom
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how many electrons in an orbital
2
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sublevels
s p d f 2, 6,10,14 electrons
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Which has higher energy atom or molecule?
atom
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why do molecule shave lower energy compared to atoms?
Energy is released when bonds are formed
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what is required in order for carbon to have a valency of 4
sp3 hybridized orbital
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what is a sp3 hybridized orbital
hybrid of 2s and 2p orbitals
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how many orbitals in s p d f
1, 3, 5, 7
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how many orbitals in the overall sp3 hybrid
4
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why can carbon not have a valency of 4 without sp3 hybrid orbitals?
although there is 4 electrons left to fill, a single e does not occupy each orbital and therefore doesn't comply with the covalent bond definition
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sp2 hybridised orbitals
hybrids of 2s and 2p orbitals- found in structures with double bonds
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how many orbitals in sp2
3
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what does sp2 also have
1x2Pz orbital
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sp hybrid orbital
hybrid of 2s and 2p orbitals found in structreus with triple bond
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how many orbitals in sp
2 hybrid , 1x 2Py 1x2Pz (note these are not hybrids)
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Molecular orbital theory
covalent bonds form from Mathematical combination of atomic orbitals on different atoms . Molecular orbitals belong to the whole molecule not just indiv atoms
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C-C
sp3
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C=C
sp2
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CtripleC
sp
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
example which proves that func group effects activity
Back
resistant bacteria can hydrolyse penicillin - no active form
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