Kidney

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  • Created by: Sarah
  • Created on: 06-04-17 08:32
how much total body water does the average body person have?
42kg/42L
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how much percent of body weight is water?
60%
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what gender generally has more body weight?
Males
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how much fluid is intracellular fluid?
62%, 25-30L
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what is most of the extracellular fluid made of?
Intersrtitial fluid
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what happens in a horseshoe kidneys?
kidneys fuse across the midine, increased risk of renal stones
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how many nephrons per kidney?
1-1.5 million
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how much is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
125ml/min
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what is the superficial nephron?
the proximal conuluted tubule is in the cortical region of the cortex
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which is more common superficial or juxtamedullary nephron?
superificial (85%)
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what is the juxtamedullary nephron?
proximal convoluted tubule in the outer medulla, glomerulus only just in the cortex
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what does renal failure lead to an increase in?
creatinine and serum urea
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which form of renal failure is reverisble?
acute renal failure
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in what renal failure is peripheral neuropathy present?
chronic
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what is peripheral neuropathy?
peripheral nerve damage (by urea and creatinine as toxic) leading to problems with sensation and movement
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signs that you have renal failure?
thickening glomerular membranes, damage glomeruli, progressive scarring glomeruli, tubular atrophy, inerstitia inflammation+fibrosis reduction in renal size
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what do you get in mild renal failure?
early bone disease
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what is the group of symptoms that come with renal failure caused?
Uraemia
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what reversible factors can be treated in renal failure?
diet (restrict pro, salt, water)
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how are syptoms reduced and progression slowed in renal failure?
phosphate binders- hyperphosphate (soak up creatinine and urea), Na bicarbonate (acidosis), diuretics- Na retention loss of water+salt
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what is the last go to step in renal failure?
plan dialysis and transplant
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whats a big cause of renal failure?
glomerulonephritis (30%), diabetes mellitus (25%)
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what do you get if you have moderate renal failure?
anaemia, mild uraemic +serum biochem
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at what stage of renal failure does uraemic syndrome become present?
moderate renal failure
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what is renal agenesis?
one of the kidneys fails to form
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what is an ectopic kindey?
the kidney forms in the wrong place, damage+kidney stones
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what does the amount of sodium set?
the effective circulating volume
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is there more Na in the ICF or ECF?
ECF
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is there more protein ICF or ECF?
ICF
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more potassium in or out?
in
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what is water produced from?
metabolism (0.35L), drink (1.2l), food (1L)
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how is the 150mm of Na from diet excreted?
stool, sweat (10mm) + urine (140mm)
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how is the 2.6L of water excreted?
urine 1.5l, respiration, stool and sweat 1.1l
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morphology of the kidney?
from 12th thoracic to 3rd lumbar, 150g
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what is the diameter of the glomerulus?
200um
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failure to excrete salt and water gives what?
hypertension (more water in blood), hyperkalemia (potassium retained), mild acidosis (Na retained)
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poor excretion of urea and creatinine causes what?
anorexia, nausea and vommiting
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failure to excrete PO4- lowers calcium serum gives what?
metastatic calcification- itching = pruritus, bone disease- (osteomalacia- soft bones) osteoporosis (brittle bones)
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where is more CL-?
in ECF
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what triggers the renin-angiotensin cascade?
fall in extracellular fluid volume
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what enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
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what releases aldosterone?
zona glomerulosa
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Card 2

Front

how much percent of body weight is water?

Back

60%

Card 3

Front

what gender generally has more body weight?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

how much fluid is intracellular fluid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is most of the extracellular fluid made of?

Back

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