A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience
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Classical Conditioning
A procedure during which an animal or person learns to associate a reflex response with a new stimulus
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Classical conditioning schedule
The steps in the procedure to condition a new response
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Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
The stimulus that produces a reflex response, such as the food for Pavlov's dog
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Unconditioned response (UCR)
The reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus, such as the Pavlov's dog salivation
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Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A new stimulus presented with the UCS, such as the bell in Pavlov's experiment
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Conditioned response (CR)
The response that is learnt; it now occurs when the CS is presented, such as Pavlov's dog salivation
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Extinction
A conditioned response dies out
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Spontaneous recovery
A conditioned response that has disappeared suddenly appears again
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Generalisation
The conditioned response is produced when a similar stimulus to the original conditioned stimulus is presented
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Discrimination
The conditioned response is only produced when a specific stimulus is presented
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Operant conditioning
Learning due to consequences of behaviour, through positive or negative reinforcement
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Law of Effect
Behaviours that are followed by regards are usually repeated; those that are punished are not usually repeated
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Punishment
A stimulus that weakens behaviour because it is unpleasant and we try to avoid it
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Reinforcement
A consequence of behaviour that encourages or strengthens behaviour. This might be seen as a reward
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Positive reinforcement
A reward or pleasant consequence that increase the likelihood that a behaviour or action will be repeated
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Negative reinforcement
When an unpleasant experience is removed after a behaviour or action has been made. This increases the likelihood of that behaviour or action being repeated
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Behaviour shaping
Changing behaviour in small steps
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Phobia
A persistent or irrational fear of an object, activity or situation. The typical symptoms are intense feelings of fear and anxiety to avoid the object, activity or situation
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Flooding
A treatment for phobias that involves the immediate exposure of the person the the feared object, activity or event until there is no fear response
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Systematic desensitisation
Thinking about the meaning of words to be learnt
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Hierarchy of fears
A series of feared events ranked from the least to most frightening
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Aversion therapy
A treatment for addictions, such as drugs and alcohol dependency, which makes the addict have an extremely negative reaction to the addictive substance
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Primary reinforcer
A reward, such as food or water, that the animal or person needs in order to survive
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Secondary reinforcer
A reward, such as money or a token, that the animal or person can exchange for a primary reinforcer
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A procedure during which an animal or person learns to associate a reflex response with a new stimulus
Back
Classical Conditioning
Card 3
Front
The steps in the procedure to condition a new response
Back
Card 4
Front
The stimulus that produces a reflex response, such as the food for Pavlov's dog
Back
Card 5
Front
The reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus, such as the Pavlov's dog salivation
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