Key words

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  • Created by: Aimee
  • Created on: 21-03-14 20:39
Wealth
The ownership of property, savings, shares and other assets.
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Global Economy
The way in which investment and trading now span the entire world. This hinders individual government's control of the economy because companies can simply move country.
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Inheritance Tax
Tax on wealth when a person dies.
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Life Cycle
Refers to the changes in a person's economic and social situation over their lifetime.
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Marketable Wealth
All a person possesses (not including their house or pension).
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VAT
The tax charged on most goods and services. It is an indirect tax as it doesn't come directly from a person's income.
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Redistribution
The transfer of wealth from the rich to the poor, in theory the taxes the rich pay should fund the services for the poor.
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Absolute Poverty
When people are unable to afford the most basic necessities of life.
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Consensual Measure of Poverty
A form of relative poverty, based on the lack of goods and services deemed necessary by most people in society.
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Destitution
Failure to obtain the absolute necessities to keep life going.
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Households Below Average Income
The measure used by the British government which puts the poverty line at 60% of the median income.
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Median Income
The middle band of income.
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Operationalise
How sociologists go about finding a way to measure a concept.
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Relative Poverty
A person who is unable to afford the standard of living considered acceptable by the majority of people in a society.
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Relative Income Measure
A form of the relative definition of poverty based on having only a certain proportion of the average income in a society.
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Social Exclusion
When people suffer a series of linked problems, like unemployment, poor skills, low incomes and high crime which prevents them from enjoying full membership of society.
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Composition of the Poor
Refers to a way of analysing poverty figures by illustrating which groups make up the largest proportions of people living in poverty.
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Disposable Income
How much people actually have left to spend after paying fixed bills like council tax or housing costs.
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Economic Status
Refers to a way of classifying poor people by how they obtain their income.
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Family Status/Household Income
Refers to the way of classifying poor people by the sorts of family types they belong to.
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Low Pay
Defined as earning less than half the average male's wage.
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Older Groups
Refers to people of pensionable age currently over 60 for women and over 65 for men.
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Risk Groups
Refers to a way of analysing poverty figures by classifying groups by their chances of being in poverty.
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Sick and Disabled People
"Sick" refers to chronic illness where people are unwell on a long term basis. "Disabled" refers to people officially classified by the government as suffering from some sort of disability.
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Citizenship
The belief that people living in British society have certain rights including the right to have a decent standard of living.
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Culture of Poverty
A set of values that some poorer people in society share, which they pass on to their children. The result is that they get trapped in poverty.
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Dependency
The state of being dependent. It is used to refer to the idea that some people live off the hard work of others.
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Exclusion
The idea that some people are prevented from being able to get on in life and enjoy the benefits of an affluent society.
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Fatalism
Acceptance of what happens as something that cannot be helped.
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Hidden Economy
All the "cash in hand" and casual work that is never reported to the authorities, like the inland revenue.
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Individualism
The belief that individuals are far more important than social groups.
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Labour Market
Refers to the sorts of jobs and employment conditions people have.
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Scrounger
Someone who claims welfare benefits they are not entitles to and manipulates the benefits system to their own advantage.
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Stigmatise
To mark something out as bad.
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Underclass
A term first used by Murray to describe the people who he claims have developed a lifestyle which depends upon state support and who have no desire to find employment.
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Child Tax Credit
Give wage earners additional payments for each child they have.
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Disciplinary Tendency
Where people are forced into certain patterns of behaviour eg. the unemployed are forced into undertaking skills training or they lose their rights to state benefits.
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Entrepreneur
Person who takes risks in order to make a profit.
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Minimum Wage
The lowest wage an employer can pay.
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Poverty Trap
Where a person who gets a job experiences a drop in income because their wages are lower than the welfare benefits they were receiving when they were unemployed.
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Tax Credits
A way of helping people in low wage jobs or part time employment. People who work have their tax adjusted so that the government will add benefits.
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Tax Incentives
Encouraging a particular course of action by rewarding people with a tax relief or extra tax benefits.
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Welfare Benefits
The financial support that the government gives people as part of the welfare state eg. disability benefits and pensions
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Welfare State
A system of welfare benefits and services provided by central or local government.
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Beveridge Report
Introduced the welfare state to the UK
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For-Profit/Private Organisation
Organisations that provide services in order to make a profit.
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Informal Care
Care provided by friends or family.
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Mixed Economy of Welfare
Refers to the fact that welfare is provided not just by the state, but by private and voluntary organisations.
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Monopoly
A situation where there is one provider of goods or services, there is no competition.
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Philanthropy
Another term used for charity- usually used when rich people give large amounts of money to charity.
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Pluralism
A theoretical position in sociology which sees society consisting of competing groups seeking to get the best for themselves. Society is the result of this managed competition.
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Selectivism/Targeting
The belief that only those with limited financial resources should receive welfare benefits.
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Voluntary Organisation
An independent organisation that provides health or welfare services and benefits.
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Universalism
The belief that everyone should be entitled to free welfare services and benefits
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Welfare Regime
"Ideal type" term used to categorise similar sorts of welfare provision in different countries
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The way in which investment and trading now span the entire world. This hinders individual government's control of the economy because companies can simply move country.

Back

Global Economy

Card 3

Front

Tax on wealth when a person dies.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Refers to the changes in a person's economic and social situation over their lifetime.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

All a person possesses (not including their house or pension).

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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