Key words
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- Created by: Mehnaz Miah
- Created on: 23-02-13 20:39
ALDEHYDE
an organic compound with the general formula RCHO in which there is a C ═ O double bond.
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BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY
the enthalpy change required to break a covalent bond with all species in gaseous state.
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CALORIMETER
an instrument for measuring the heat changes that accompany chemical reactions.
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CARBOCATION
an organic ion in which one of the carbon atoms have a positive charge.
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DISPLAYED FORMULA
the formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and bond is shown.
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DISPROPORTIONATION
a redox reaction in which the oxidation number of some atoms of a particular element increases and that of other atoms of the same element decreases.
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ELECTROPHILE
an electron deficient atom, ion or molecule that takes part in an organic reaction by attacking areas of high election density in another reactant.
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ELECTROPHILLIC ADDITION
a reaction in which s carbon-carbon double bond is saturated and in which the initial reaction is an attack by an electrophile
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ELIMINATION
a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is removed from a reactant.
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ENDOTHERMIC
a reaction in which heat is taken in as the reactants change to products; the temperature drops.
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ENTHALPY CHANGE
a measure of heat energy given or taken in when a chemical or physical change occurs at constant pressure/temperature.
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EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURE
the mixture of reactants and products formed when a reversible reactions is allowed to proceed in a closed contained until no further change occurs.
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EXOTHERMIC
a reaction in which heat is given out as the reactants change to products; the temperature rises.
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FREE RADICAL
a chemical species with unpaired elections - usually highly reactive.
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FUNCTIONAL GROUP
an atom or group of atoms in an organic organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristics reaction of that molecule.
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HALF EQUATION
an equation for a redox reactions which considers just one of the species involved and shows explicitly the elections transferred to or from it.
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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
a set of organic compounds with the same functional groups, that differ in the length of hydrocarbon chains.
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ISOMER
one or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula i.e. the same atoms are arranged differently in space.
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MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION
the distribution of energies and therefore speeds, of the molecules in a gas or liquid.
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MEAN BOND ENTHALPY
the average value of the bond dissociation enthalpy for a given type of bond taken from a range of different compounds.
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NUCLEOPHILE
an ion or groups of atoms with a negative charge or partially negative charge that takes part in an organic reaction by attacking electron deficient areas.
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NUCLEOPHILLIC SUBSTITUTION
an organic reaction in which a molecule with a partially positive charged carbon atom is attacked by a reagent, resulting in replacement of one of the groups of atoms on the original chain.
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OXIDATION
a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms loses elections.
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OXIDATION STATE
the number of elections gained or lost by an atom in a compound in comparison to the uncombined atom. It forms in the basis of a way of keeping track of redox reactions.
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OXIDISING AGENT
a reagent that oxidises another species
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REDOX REACTION
the reactions in which electrons are transferred from one species to another.
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REDUCING AGENT
a reagent that reduces another species.
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SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of substance by 1K
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ENTHALPY CHANGE OF COMBUSTION
the amount of heat energy given out when 1 mole of substance is completely burned in oxygen with al reactants and products in their standard states (298K and 100kPa)
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ENTHALPY CHANGE OF FORMATION
change when one mole of substance is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions all reactants and products in their standard states.
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STRUCTURAL FORMULA
a way of writing the formula of an organic compound in which bonds are not shown but each carbon atom is written separately with the atoms attached. (CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3)
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THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE
a sequence of reactions that convert a reactant into a product.
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HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
the catalyst is in a different phase to the reactants - usually a solid catalyst and liquid or gaseous reactants.
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HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST
where catalyst and reactants are in the same phase.
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STRUCTURAL ISOMER
the same molecular formula but different structures
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the enthalpy change required to break a covalent bond with all species in gaseous state.
Back
BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY
Card 3
Front
an instrument for measuring the heat changes that accompany chemical reactions.
Back
Card 4
Front
an organic ion in which one of the carbon atoms have a positive charge.
Back
Card 5
Front
the formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and bond is shown.
Back
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