KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

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The Canon
a body of work in the fields such as art and literature which represents 'the best' and are considered worthy of study
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High Culture
works enjoyed by the elite
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Popular Culture
most forms of mass communication enjoyed by most people
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Culture
a collection of beliefs, values and ways of doing things shared by a community
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Subculture
a group within a community who share some norms with the wiser community but also have norms of their own
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verbal communication
language and words
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register
how we speak according to how we perceive the situation
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lexis
choice of words used
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accent
how we pronounce words
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dialect
language from other parts of the country
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restricted code
suitable for insiders who share the assumptions and understanding on the topic
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elaborated code
doesn't assume the listener shares these assumptions so it's more explicit
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received pronunciation/standard english
the accent described as the prestigious speech of educated people, usually associated with the south-east and london
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non verbal communication
all the body signals that we make deliberately or inadvertently and to the ways in which our appearance can convey information about ourselves
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paralanguage
how you say things: volume,pitch,stress,pace and tone
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physical appearence
how we present ourselves ie. dress, adornment, hairstyle
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dress codes
what you wear in terms of clothing
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kinesics
how we communicate through movements or arrangements of parts or the whole of our body: gestures, facial expressions, posture, head nods and orientation
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proxemics
how we communicate through the relative distance between ourselves and others
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haptics
communication through touch
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occulesics
communication through the eyes(direction of gaze, eye movement and contact)
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olfactics
using smells to communicate
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non-verbal leakage
when messages 'slip out' in spite of our attempts to control them
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communicative competence
our ability to use language not just accurately but appropriately such as recognising and using different verbal and non verbal styles as they are suited to different situations
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self concept
the way we perceive ourselves and the way we categorise ourselves
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public/private/core self
superficial version of the self/ remains with us at all times
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gatekeeping
withholding information
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self-fulfilling prophecy
people's expectations on how we should behave changes our attitudes, behaviour and perception
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'looking glass self'
how we see ourselves by poeple's reactions/ the version of the self we find in other people's reactions
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self-disclosure
the process by which we reveal ourselves and develop our identities in relationship with others
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self-maintenance
protecting ourselves from negative feedback
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cognitive dissonance
weaken one side of the argument
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self-presentation
behaviours designed to create and impression for others
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text
a message or a piece of communication; it's something we make meanings out of
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reading
the decoding of the text intended by the sender
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sender
encodes message
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receiver
decodes message
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channel
physical connection between communicators, a route(sound waves or electronic type)
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Process/School Approach
a linear model by which communication is seen as a process in which senders transmit messages to receivers
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encode
a thought is converted from its abstract state and is given a physical form by the sender
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decode
a thought is transformed back from its physical form into an abstract state by the receiver
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noise/barrier
mechanical-physical impediment(flying aircraft); psychological-internal pressure on sender or receiver(fear); semantic-lack of partial understanding(slang); organizational- structural dysfunctions in groups(info not being said)
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intention
a notion the sender hopes to communicate to the receiver
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aberrant decoding/misreading
reading a text in any other way than as it is intended, usually because the receiver does not share an understanding of the codes used by the sender
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anchorage
the ways in which the meanings of a text can be fixed or anchored by the image linked to it
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feedback
opinions of others
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Semiotic Approach
considers communication as a flow of meanings between sender, receiver and the culture they belong to
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signifier
the physical form of the sign
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signified
mental concept triggered by the signifier
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syntagm
signs which the sender has grouped together to express their ideas on a certain topic
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paradigm
the range of signs available from which a sender can choose from to express themselves
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polysemic
more than one meaning
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denotation
the obvious, literal, agreed meaning(dictionary meaning)
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connotation
any personally suggested or culturally connected meaning( what you might link with a word without knowing why)
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myth
a well known story or idea in our society that contains powerful attitudes, values or beliefs
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

works enjoyed by the elite

Back

High Culture

Card 3

Front

most forms of mass communication enjoyed by most people

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a collection of beliefs, values and ways of doing things shared by a community

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a group within a community who share some norms with the wiser community but also have norms of their own

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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